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- W136835259 abstract "The animal kingdom consists of more than thirty phyla. Based upon extensive studies of comparative anatomy, embryology, and paleontology, metazoans have been divided into three major taxonomic units, namely, animals with extremely undifferentiated tissues (poriferans), those with two embryonic layers and radial symmetry (diploblasts), and those with three embryonic layers and bilateral symmetry (triploblasts). Poriferans are sometimes included among diploblasts, because they have two cell layers. In poriferans, the choanocytes and pinacocytes form tissues to some extent, the choanoderm and pinacoderm, respectively. Furthermore, basement membrane-like structures such as the lamina reticularis (Harrison et al. 1990) and the basal lamina (Pedersen 1991) have been found in sponges. Therefore, we regarded the diploblasts as a unit that consists of three phyla, the Porifera, Cnidaria, and Ctenophora, in addition to two phyla of uncertain affinity, the Placozoa and Mesozoa. The phylogenetic status of these animals has been a matter of interest in regard to the origin and early evolution of the metazoans (Hanson 1977; Ax 1989; Brusca and Brusca 1990; Willmer 1990; Schram 1991; Ruppert and Barnes 1994; Nielsen 1995). Three major unresolved issues relating to the phylogenetic status of diploblasts are: (1) whether all the metazoans, including diploblasts and triploblasts, are monophyletic; (2) whether the diploblasts are monophyletic or paraphyletic; and (3) how the three diploblast phyla are related." @default.
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- W136835259 date "1998-01-01" @default.
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- W136835259 title "Early Evolution of the Metazoa: An Inference from the Elongation Factor-1α" @default.
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- W136835259 doi "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48745-3_7" @default.
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