FRINK Linked Data Fragments server

Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W137115989> ?p ?o ?g. }

• W137115989 startingPage "239" @default.
• W137115989 abstract "Abstract Buddhism is often presented as a non-violent religion that highlights the virtue of universal compassion. However, it does not unequivocally reject the use of and leaves open the possibility that violence may be committed under special circumstances by spiritually realized beings. This paper examines several apologetic defenses for the presence of violent imagery and rituals in tantric Buddhist literature. It will demonstrate that several Buddhist commentators, in advancing the notion of violence, also advanced an ethical double standard insofar as they defended these violent actions as justifiable when performed by Buddhists, but condemned them when performed by non-Buddhists. ********** Violence and Compassion in Mahayana Buddhism Buddhism has typically been portrayed, by both insider advocates and outside observers, as a peaceful religion, one which condemns violence and seeks rather to cultivate, internally, states of mental calm and clarity, and externally, a compassionate mode of engagement with others. (1) This portrayal is supported by the fact that most Buddhist traditions emphasize the cultivation of compassion and loving-kindness as indispensable aids to spiritual development. Yet despite this important focus, violence has not been completely repudiated within many Buddhist schools of thought. Rather, it is left open as a possible mode of action, albeit an exceptional one, to be used by exceptional beings under exceptional circumstances. This caveat supported the development of an ethical double standard, (2) in which behavior that is normally condemned, especially when committed by members of other religious or ethnic groups, is portrayed as justifiable when committed by members of one's own group. In this paper I will seek to examine this ethical tension as it arises in tantric Buddhist ritual literature, a genre that challenges Buddhist self-representation as peaceful and non-violent through its description of ritual procedures that are believed to yield violent results. Buddhists generally condemn violent behavior, and uphold instead the virtues of loving-kindness (maitri) and compassion (karuna), which are powerful inclinations to augment the happiness and minimize the suffering of others, respectively, often at the expense of one's own self-interest. The virtue of compassion was given a central role in Mahayana Buddhist soteriology, as an indispensable aid to the achievement of Buddhahood. (3) On the popular level, the virtues of compassion and generosity were highlighted in narratives such as the Jataka tales, which relate the Buddha's past lives. These themes are dramatically illustrated in stories such as the Bodhisattva's self-sacrifice to feed a hungry tiger family, or in the stories of King Sibi, who sacrificed his own eyes at the request of a beggar, as well as his own flesh to save the life of a pigeon. The importance of these stories is such that they stand at the beginning of Arya Sura's Jataka collection (Khoroche 1989:5-17), and they were also illustrated on a number of Buddhist monuments. (4) Mahayana Buddhists advocate universal compassion, which is nondiscriminatory and active in all contexts. This, naturally, reflects a distinctive worldview. As Charles Taylor argued, moral reactions seem to involve claims, implicit or explicit, about the nature and status of beings ... a moral reaction is an assent to, an affirmation of, a given ontology of the human (Khoroche1989:5). Universal compassion, as understood by Mahayana Buddhist scholars such as Santideva, implies underlying beliefs about the nature of the self. In their view, ordinary individuals' moral reactions are discriminatory, and as a consequence their compassion is limited in scope, typically restricted to friends and family. This is because they adhere to a limited view of the self as an isolated and independently existent entity. Universal compassion, on the other hand, arises from the realization of selflessness and interdependent origination. …" @default.
• W137115989 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W137115989 creator A5028137972 @default.
• W137115989 date "2007-01-01" @default.
• W137115989 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W137115989 title "Compassionate Violence?: On the Ethical Implications of Tantric Buddhist Ritual" @default.
• W137115989 cites W1487422533 @default.
• W137115989 cites W1602659612 @default.
• W137115989 cites W1889698854 @default.
• W137115989 cites W1968393041 @default.
• W137115989 cites W2012494785 @default.
• W137115989 cites W2016100409 @default.
• W137115989 cites W2025739367 @default.
• W137115989 cites W2164932898 @default.
• W137115989 cites W2312582558 @default.
• W137115989 cites W2505295358 @default.
• W137115989 cites W2627036402 @default.
• W137115989 cites W2895086698 @default.
• W137115989 cites W2905739032 @default.
• W137115989 cites W3127587709 @default.
• W137115989 cites W3133356606 @default.
• W137115989 cites W585986751 @default.
• W137115989 cites W595944074 @default.
• W137115989 cites W600214206 @default.
• W137115989 cites W617076101 @default.
• W137115989 cites W619625761 @default.
• W137115989 cites W639280063 @default.
• W137115989 cites W657889747 @default.
• W137115989 cites W2626521109 @default.
• W137115989 cites W2757002029 @default.
• W137115989 hasPublicationYear "2007" @default.
• W137115989 type Work @default.
• W137115989 sameAs 137115989 @default.
• W137115989 citedByCount "4" @default.
• W137115989 countsByYear W1371159892015 @default.
• W137115989 countsByYear W1371159892017 @default.
• W137115989 countsByYear W1371159892018 @default.
• W137115989 crossrefType "journal-article" @default.
• W137115989 hasAuthorship W137115989A5028137972 @default.
• W137115989 hasConcept C107038049 @default.
• W137115989 hasConcept C111472728 @default.
• W137115989 hasConcept C138885662 @default.
• W137115989 hasConcept C144024400 @default.
• W137115989 hasConcept C15744967 @default.
• W137115989 hasConcept C17744445 @default.
• W137115989 hasConcept C199539241 @default.
• W137115989 hasConcept C27206212 @default.
• W137115989 hasConcept C2777239683 @default.
• W137115989 hasConcept C2777432744 @default.
• W137115989 hasConcept C524757792 @default.
• W137115989 hasConcept C75699723 @default.
• W137115989 hasConcept C95124753 @default.
• W137115989 hasConceptScore W137115989C107038049 @default.
• W137115989 hasConceptScore W137115989C111472728 @default.
• W137115989 hasConceptScore W137115989C138885662 @default.
• W137115989 hasConceptScore W137115989C144024400 @default.
• W137115989 hasConceptScore W137115989C15744967 @default.
• W137115989 hasConceptScore W137115989C17744445 @default.
• W137115989 hasConceptScore W137115989C199539241 @default.
• W137115989 hasConceptScore W137115989C27206212 @default.
• W137115989 hasConceptScore W137115989C2777239683 @default.
• W137115989 hasConceptScore W137115989C2777432744 @default.
• W137115989 hasConceptScore W137115989C524757792 @default.
• W137115989 hasConceptScore W137115989C75699723 @default.
• W137115989 hasConceptScore W137115989C95124753 @default.
• W137115989 hasLocation W1371159891 @default.
• W137115989 hasOpenAccess W137115989 @default.
• W137115989 hasPrimaryLocation W1371159891 @default.
• W137115989 hasRelatedWork W1158631924 @default.
• W137115989 hasRelatedWork W1190933470 @default.
• W137115989 hasRelatedWork W1548522136 @default.
• W137115989 hasRelatedWork W1578298188 @default.
• W137115989 hasRelatedWork W2339562390 @default.
• W137115989 hasRelatedWork W239555473 @default.
• W137115989 hasRelatedWork W247385499 @default.
• W137115989 hasRelatedWork W2488150325 @default.
• W137115989 hasRelatedWork W2493276710 @default.
• W137115989 hasRelatedWork W2905794590 @default.
• W137115989 hasRelatedWork W2923178306 @default.
• W137115989 hasRelatedWork W293276726 @default.
• W137115989 hasRelatedWork W3046152642 @default.
• W137115989 hasRelatedWork W314705164 @default.
• W137115989 hasRelatedWork W3156542970 @default.
• W137115989 hasRelatedWork W3183682345 @default.
• W137115989 hasRelatedWork W323298758 @default.
• W137115989 hasRelatedWork W330629441 @default.
• W137115989 hasRelatedWork W343726461 @default.
• W137115989 hasRelatedWork W49384781 @default.
• W137115989 hasVolume "14" @default.
• W137115989 isParatext "false" @default.
• W137115989 isRetracted "false" @default.
• W137115989 magId "137115989" @default.
• W137115989 workType "article" @default.