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• W137116874 abstract "The complexity of the shoulder’s anatomy and biomechanics combined with the demands of overhead sport predispose the area to many pathologies. In addition to possible damage to the passive structures of the shoulder complex, patients with shoulder pathology and pain present with multifactorial problems of poor muscle control of the glenohumeral and scapulothoracic joints, along with limited flexibility in some of the soft tissues of the shoulder complex. Few studies have addressed the intricate role of the muscle system in joint control at the shoulder. This research aimed to evaluate the neuromuscular control and patterning of the force couples of the muscles of the shoulder complex in throwers with and without shoulder pain. Establishing alterations in the patterning of the muscles of the shoulder complex in these two groups, would give direction to preventative and rehabilitative exercise regimes. A reaction time task (RTT) of rapid internal and external shoulder rotation was developed to investigate the effects of pain on the activation patterns of the shoulder muscles in throwing athletes. A group of throwing athletes with shoulder pain was compared to a matched control group without shoulder pain during external rotation in sitting (ERS), external rotation in prone (ERP) and internal rotation in prone (IRP). This study demonstrated a difference in the temporal pattern of the shoulder muscles in the pain population. In the analysis of the glenohumeral muscle group, subscapularis was active significantly earlier than infraspinatus and supraspinatus in the control group for all three test procedures (ERS p=0.02; ERP p=0.039; IRP p=0.047). During external rotation in sitting and prone, subscapularis was activated significantly later when compared to the onset of infraspinatus in the pain group (ERS p=0.002; ERP p=0.013). In the group with shoulder pain, latissimus dorsi was active significantly earlier than the other torque producing muscles (ERS p<0.001; ERP p=0.044; IRP p<0.001). It is considered that the slower activation of subscapularis in the group with shoulder pain would impact on the stability of the glenohumeral joint, leaving the joint vulnerable to injury. It is proposed the early activation of latissimus dorsi in the pain group is an attempt by the central nervous system (CNS) to provide additional stability to the glenohumeral joint. The identification of a motor control dysfunction of the shoulder complex in athletes with pain provides additional insight into the complexity of stability mechanisms of the shoulder. Physiotherapy is a health profession based on the conservative management of musculoskeletal pathology with an emphasis on evidence based treatment techniques. This study gives a direction for rehabilitation and exercise for the shoulder complex and contributes to the development of an evidence base for physiotherapy practice." @default.
• W137116874 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W137116874 creator A5008850136 @default.
• W137116874 date "2007-01-01" @default.
• W137116874 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W137116874 title "Motor control dysfunction of the shoulder muscles in throwers with shoulder pain: A basis for conservative management of shoulder pathology" @default.
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