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• W137685077 abstract "Weeds are estimated to cost the global economy $300 billion per annum, causing significant crop losses, degradation of the natural environment and contributing to global poverty and hunger. In poor farming regions of the world, weed management is dominated by time-consuming labour intensive methods. The development of an effective, locally-sourced natural herbicide, which is easily produced and applied, could increase yields, reduce hunger and increase farmers’ income. The aim of this research project was to select plants with the potential to be used as a natural herbicide and to test for phytotoxicity in a step-wise progression from laboratory experiments to pot trials and finally, field application. A selection of 21 predominantly medicinal plants which contain bioactive chemicals were screened for phytotoxicity using a Lemna bioassay. Aqueous extracts (2 % FW/v) produced from plant parts (viz. leaf, stem, bark, root, fruit/seed) were amended to a Lemna nutrient solution and the change in Lemna minor L. growth and health was measured over a 7-day period. The most significant growth inhibition came from extracts of Acacia melanoxylon R. Br. stem (98 %) and bark (91 %), Petalostigma pubescens F. Muell. leaf (94 %) and Phyllanthus virgatus Forst. leaf/stem (91 %) and fruit (83 %). Aqueous extracts (5% FW/v) of these three species (A. melanoxylon, P. pubescens P. virgatus) were then tested for their ability to inhibit germination and early growth of 10 common grass and broadleaf weeds (Apium leptophyllum (Pers.) F. Muell, Avena fatua L., Bidens pilosa L., Chenopodium album L., Echinochloa colona (L.) Link, Lolium rigidium Gaudin, Parthenium hysterophorus L., Raphanus raphanistrum L., Sonchus oleraceous L. and Urochloa panicoides Beauv). Germination was significantly reduced in some species (12 to 51 %) and shoot and root growth was was strongly inhibited in most weed species (8 to 66 % and 25 to 95%, respectively). The P. pubescens and P. virgatus extracts were shown to be significantly phytotoxic to weed germination and early growth. However, P. pubescens was selected for further study as a natural herbicide as it was thought to have more practical field application. Petalostigma pubecens is a large tree species which can produce a larger volume of harvested leaf material compared to P. virgatus, which is a small herb. Pot trials tested the potential of P. pubescens treatments on the growth and reproductive capacity of E. colona, P. hysterophorus and L. rigidium. The incorporation of P. pubescens dried leaf material (0.5 % DW/soil W) into potting soil severely reduced the vegetative growth of E. colona and P. hysterophorus at the young plant stage (57 and 82 %, respectively) and maturity (61 and 61 %, respectively). Inflorescence, including harvested seed, was also greatly reduced for E. colona (58 %) and P. hysterophorus (71 %). Based on these results, a field trial was conducted at the University of Queensland, Brisbane. After clearing and cultivation, P. pubescens dried leaf material was incorporated into the soil (300 g m-2) to a depth of 5 cm in four 2 m2 plots. A week later, seeds of E. colona, B. pilosa and Oryza sativa L. var. PSBRC9 were sown, adding to the natural variety of weed seeds already in the soil seed bank. Field plots treated with P. pubescens dried leaf material produced a significant reduction of plant cover (30 %) in the early stages (28 days) of the experiment compared to the untreated plots. The treatment reduced the establishment of B. pilosa by 21 %, but not E. colona or O. sativa. This was accompanied by a large reduction in the establishment of the dominant grass weed Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn., which germinated from the natural seed bank. The effect of the P. pubescens dried leaf material continued through to 42 days, where the establishment numbers were significantly reduced for B. pilosa (42 %) and E. indica (72 %). The reduced numbers of monocotyledons correlated to reduced dry weight, however it was not a statistally significant reduction. The reduced numbers of B. pilosa did not correlate to a reduction in harvested DW, suggesting that although there were less B. pilosa plants in the treated plots, the plants were larger in size. In summary, the incorporation of P. pubescens dried leaf material, applied at a rate of 300 g m-2 reduced the establishment of specific field weeds (B. pilosa and E. indica) for up to 42 days after application. Farm application of P. pubescens dried leaf material between rows could reduce weed pressure for the first few weeks of crop growth or, in a fallow situation, could offer farmers a time window when weed cover is reduced. Future research using bioassay guided isolation of active compounds from P. pubescens, P. virgatus and A. melanoxylon and structural identification may lead to the discovery of novel chemical structures and new molecular target sites for a natural herbicide." @default.
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• W137685077 date "2012-01-01" @default.
• W137685077 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W137685077 title "Evaluating the natural herbicide potential of some medicinal and allelopathic plants in southeast Queensland, Australia" @default.
• W137685077 hasPublicationYear "2012" @default.
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