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• W13821031 endingPage "210" @default.
• W13821031 startingPage "179" @default.
• W13821031 abstract "Studies of individuals with schizophrenia and their nonpsychotic (“unaffected”) family members are valuable for several reasons. First, abnormalities found in close biological relatives of ill persons may provide clues to those underlying characteristics that are genetically transmitted. Second, unlike studies of patients with schizophrenia, studies of unaffected relatives are not confounded by antipsychotic drug treatment, chronic hospitalization, the potential neurotoxic effects of psychosis, and other health consequences of serious mental illness. Third, characteristic features found in relatives are likely to be more reliable than those found in patients because the patients are less stable over time. Fourth, identifying markers of the vulnerability to schizophrenia (“endophenotypes”) may provide useful phenotypes for future molecular genetic studies. In this chapter, we summarize the evidence of brain abnormalities in first degree, nonpsychotic relatives of persons with schizophrenia, as reflected in neuroimaging studies. Most of the research has investigated brain structure, with a smaller number of functional and chemical (spectroscopic) imaging studies. This literature, consistent with that found using psychophysiological, and neurocognitive measures in unaffected relatives, indicates that subtle brain deviations are found in adult nonpsychotic relatives. A smaller literature demonstrates similar deviations in teenagers at high risk of developing the disorder. The strongest evidence so far, mainly from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of brain structure, implicates abnormal medial temporal lobe regions, as well as abnormal cortical-subcortical activation involved in neurocognitive functions. This supports an important hypothesis: that many of the neurobiological abnormalities associated with schizophrenic psychosis will actually turn out to be manifestations of preillness neurobiological vulnerability (“schizotaxia”) rather than part of the psychotic process per se. An important question to be determined is whether biological differences observed between relatives and healthy controls are minor variants of abnormalities found largely in pathological populations or whether they are the tail end of a normal distribution?" @default.
• W13821031 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W13821031 creator A5018822834 @default.
• W13821031 creator A5028915713 @default.
• W13821031 creator A5029413844 @default.
• W13821031 creator A5044176155 @default.
• W13821031 creator A5075718686 @default.
• W13821031 date "2004-01-01" @default.
• W13821031 modified "2023-10-10" @default.
• W13821031 title "Neuroimaging Studies of Nonpsychotic First-Degree Relatives of People With Schizophrenia" @default.
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