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• W139673918 abstract "The solution is to refuse...to be dragged into the binary opposition between East and West in which so many arguments are mired. However, the most powerful way to do this is to fearlessly examine the process of entanglement Lila Abu-Lughod, 1998a:16 The 'new' Muslim veiling phenomenon represents a contemporary 'equivalent' to the growing epidemic of anorexia in the industrialised West, Mervat Nasser has argued (1999). Like anorexia1, she contends, the new veiling2, represented by the growing number of young Muslim women wearing Islamic dress within universities, workplaces, urban centres and political organisations around the world, responds to 'conflicting cultural messages and contradictory cultural expectations' experienced by women globally (407). Both embodied practices3 function as forms of problem solving which, in the absence of real power or control, help women cope with the competing demands of ambitious professional goals and pressure to maintain a traditional female identity. And both, she suggests, ultimately lead to the reproduction of tradition and the reinforcement of gender inequality. The establishment of 'the anorexic subject' as a counterpart to 'the veiled woman' within cross-cultural comparisons such as Nasser's draws on a significant strand of feminist literature now pervasive in mainstream cultural discourse. Against constructions of 'the West' as the land of gender equality, liberation and freedom, feminist cultural critics have inaugurated the figure of the anorexic as a metaphor for all that is wrong with gendered power relations in Western industrialised nations (Orbach,1993/1986, 2006/1978; Wolf, 1990; Bordo, 1993). Within these texts, and comparisons between veiling and anorexia which employ their terms, 'the anorexic' serves as a generalised figure representing the widespread oppression of the female body within the West's patriarchal, capitalist beauty system - a system that impels women and girls to discipline their bodies in pursuit of an unachievable ideal. As Nasser comments, 'weight phobia, fear of fatness and pursuit of thinness are modern terms that are now used interchangeably to refer to anorexia nervosa' (1997:1). She adds, 'If eating disorders are indeed metaphors... it is likely that what they symbolize now encompasses this social disruption and cultural confusion' (97). A general message these cross-cultural comparisons impart is that when it comes to gender and the body, 'the West' is no less patriarchal or oppressive, and may in fact be more so, than 'the Muslim East'.4 Several other theorists have drawn links between Muslim veiling and embodied practices linked to the 'Western beauty system'.5 Homa Hoodfar (2003) argues that the veil 'may be worn to beautify the wearer...much in the same way Western women wear makeup' (11). Nancy Hirschmann (1998) suggests that Western feminists need to ask themselves whether the veil is more oppressive than Western fashion trends such as Wonderbras, miniskirts and blue jeans (361). In a similar vein, Linda Duits and liesbet van Zoonen (2006) suggest that both girls wearing headscarves and those dressed in 'porno-chic' are 'submitted to the meta-narratives of dominant discourse' which characterise their everyday practices as inappropriate and deny them the power to define their own action (103). Sheila Jeffreys (2005) argues, furthermore, that beauty practices prevalent in the West such as makeup, dieting and cosmetic surgery should be understood as 'harmful cultural practices' comparable to procedures typically thought of as nonWestern, such as female genital mutilation and veiling. She suggests that makeup and the veil represent 'two sides of the same coin of women's oppression' - both have been seen as voluntary practices through which women can express their agency, yet both arise from pressures linked to male dominance (37). These types of comparisons are now increasingly echoed within mainstream media and cultural discourse. …" @default.
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• W139673918 date "2007-03-01" @default.
• W139673918 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W139673918 title "‘Tracing “the Anorexic” and “the Veiled Woman”: Towards a Relational Approach.’" @default.
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