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• W14106265 startingPage "1" @default.
• W14106265 abstract "Chlorine compounds are chemicals commonly used as oxidizing agents for drinking-water disinfection and water treatment Water treatment . Chlorine (Cl) is an halogen element having 7 electrons on its last electronic layer. To reach the stability of 8 electrons chlorine has a tendency to add an electron. This tendency to add an electron gives chlorine special oxidizing properties. Chlorine indeed kills harmful microorganisms, has decolourization properties, and oxidize and modify organic molecules. Chlorine can be used as a bleaching agent and to fight against biological fouling in cooling systems. Chlorine popularity is not only due to lower cost, but also to its higher oxidizing potential, which provides a minimum level of residual chlorine throughout the distribution system and protects against microbial recontamination with a remarkable remnant effect. Chlorine is used in different forms: gaseous, e.g. Cl2 and ClO2, liquid, e.g. NaClO, HClO, and NH2Cl, and solid, e.g. Ca (OCl)2. Chlorine is industrially produced by electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride (NaCl). The application of chlorine to water treatment poses risks by producing by-products such as organochlorinated compounds. Disinfection by-products (DBPs) such as trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids, haloacetonitriles and haloketones are formed when chlorine reacts with natural organic matter such as humic acids and phenols. Some organochlorinated compounds are endocrine disruptors involved in brain cancer, immune and reproductive system troubles, and feminization. Modern legislations in all countries impose environmental regulation and health quality standards that become more and more stringent. Emerging regulation limiting the concentration of by-products in drinking water has increased demands for alternative processes that remove organics before disinfection. Processes include coagulation with active carbon, flocculation, sedimentation, sand filtration. Altenrative disinfection is done by advanced oxidation processes including O3/H2O2, UV/O3, and UV/H2O2, membrane filtration and electrochemical disinfection." @default.
• W14106265 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W14106265 creator A5003151867 @default.
• W14106265 creator A5049853592 @default.
• W14106265 date "2015-01-01" @default.
• W14106265 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
• W14106265 title "Chlorine for Water Disinfection: Properties, Applications and Health Effects" @default.
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