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- W1411385 abstract "SAARINEN, Risto. Weakness of Will in Renaissance and Reformation Thought. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011. viii + 248pp. Cloth, $80.00--This book continues author's earlier study Weakness of Will in Thought: From Augustine to Buridan (New York: Brill, 1994), although it stands on its own. It aims to demonstrate that, contrary to claims of some, the classical problem of weakness of will was source of lively debates and significant innovations during Renaissance and Reformation.... The study of these debates and innovations sheds light on general understanding of human condition during formative period between medieval times and early modernity. The author is primarily concerned with reception history of Aristotle's concept of akrasia and of St. Augustine. The book covers both philosophical and theological ground. The first chapter provides an overview of prior history of question, discussing Plato and Aristotle, Stoicism, St. Paul, and St. Augustine, Medieval Aristotelians Thomas Aquinas and Walter Burley, Medieval Voluntarists Walter of Bruges and Henry of Ghent, and Medieval Syntheses of Albert Great and John Buridan. At end of this chapter author categorizes various of akrasia, which he will use throughout rest of book to characterize various authors studied. There are two models, namely Socratic-Platonic model, which denies existence of akrasia in favor of strong intellectualism, and commonplace Platonic model, which emphasizes conflict in soul between reason and desire. Then there is Aristotelian model, based on notion of practical syllogism. In akratic behavior there is failure to reason properly in presence of desire. Then there are Stoic-Augustinian models. Commonplace Augustinianism holds that we inevitably experience disordered desires, and moral culpability only arises when we consent to these desires. Voluntarism holds that will is ultimate determining factor of behavior. The Stoic models hold that desires are in and of themselves already practical judgments assented to in some way, and disordered desires are thus something for which agent can in some way be culpable. In second chapter author discusses various authors from Renaissance: Petrarch, Donato Acciaiuoli, Versor, Wellendorffer, Jacques Lefevre d'Etaples, Clichtove, John Mair (also known as John Major), and Piccolomini. An important example, which later becomes commonplace, is introduced by Clichtove, namely Medea in Ovid's Metamorphoses, who, making decision under influence of strong passion, says that see better and approve it, but I follow worse. This verse seems to exemplify a non-Aristotelian 'clear-eyed akrasia', and author argues that its widespread use later in Renaissance and Reformation periods is symptomatic of partial trend away from an Aristotelian, syllogistic analysis of akrasia towards commonplace Platonic analysis emphasizing back and forth struggle between reason and passion. …" @default.
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- W1411385 date "2013-09-01" @default.
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- W1411385 title "Saarinen, Risto. Weakness of Will in Renaissance and Reformation Thought" @default.
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