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- W141428807 abstract "In the late 1980s, Poland appeared to be unified in its ten-year journey from the sphere of influence toward being a free and democratic nation-state once again. Solidarity led the country in a blatant rejection of the Communist regime. The nation elected Solidarity representatives to fill 99 of the one hundred newly established Senate seats and to fill all 161 seats available to it in the Sejm. The election was a dramatic demonstration of national unity and consensus. Few Poles, however, in the midst of the 1989 victory over the communists ? seeing victory within their grasp as free presidential elections were promised ? would have anticipated that three years later they would have difficulty forming a successful coalition government. Poland's silent revolution of the 1980s has given way to new political dynamics. The initial outpouring of nationalist and patriotic sentiment that put the crown back on the head of the Polish eagle and sent statues of communist leaders tumbling, has been replaced by contentious debate over national issues that were ignored for nearly five decades. The spiritual community and militant optimism evident even up to the first truly general and direct presidential elections in 1990 have been replaced by the realities of economic hardship, devastating environmental degradation, and the challenge of rebuilding a democratic society. At the same time, Polish leaders have been faced with a multitude of unresolved claims and competing interests. As totalitarian constraints were removed throughout the Soviet sphere of influence, in most countries class, ideological, ethnic, and religious tensions surfaced. In Poland, however, the ideological conflicts and competing values and interests that emerged did not seem to have a clear basis in ethnic, class or religious differences, at least up to 1991. For example, Nowak (1981)2 and" @default.
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- W141428807 date "1993-01-01" @default.
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- W141428807 title "Patriotic Perspectives in Contemporary Poland: Conflict or Consensus" @default.
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