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- W1415142307 abstract "This chapter discusses causes and treatment of waste from pharmaceutical industries. Pharmaceuticals like clofibrate, various analgesics, cytostatic drugs, antibiotics, and others have been reported to be present in the surface waters of many developed countries around the world. Most of these drugs do not get degraded in municipal waste treatment plants. Degradation in contaminated soil is poor, since the drugs bind strongly to the earth, although microbes available for their degradation are found in the nearby proximity. Common physical methods employed for the treatment of waste from pharmaceutical industry—coagulation and precipitation, reverse osmosis, and ultrafiltration; and biological treatment include the activated sludge process. The biodegradation of antibiotics and pharmaceuticals depends on the temperature, availability of organic and inorganic nutrients, concentration of the chemical, and presence of oxygen. The biodegradation rate of sulfonamides in activated sludge is identical for several of them. Nitrifying sludge degrades drugs such as chloramphenicol and oxytetracycline, but they are not mineralized.." @default.
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- W1415142307 date "2005-01-01" @default.
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- W1415142307 title "Pharmaceuticals" @default.
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- W1415142307 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-075067838-4/50022-1" @default.
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