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• W141536191 abstract "A formidable mythology has grown up around Pilgrims and their voyage to New World. In popular myth a group of idealistic religious reformers fled persecution into wilds of New World, braving seas, storms, winter, hunger, and death at hands of teeming hordes of Indians, carving a new life out of an unspoiled wilderness, building a civilization with naked force of will and an unshakable religious vision. As with most historical myths, this account has been idealized to point that it obscures facts of Pilgrims' voyage. When handful of separatists stepped onto shores of New England in 1620, they did not step into an untamed wilderness. They did not run into wild bands of ravenous savages bent on their destruction, nor did they ever have to contend with full force of nature's fury. In fact, they walked into an abandoned village, whose inhabitants had been gone barely long enough for weeds to grow over tilled fields of corn. They discovered caches of crops, tools, and other supplies, as if they were waiting to be found and put into use by industrious hands. They moved quietly into a graveyard and built their shining example of a city on hill directly on still-exposed carcasses of dead Indians. The site they had chosen was of late Indian village of Patuxet, which had been wiped off face of earth a few years earlier by a plague likes of which natives had never seen before. It was a virgin soil epidemic of biblical proportions, which left no aspect of Indian society untouched. Economic networks crumbled and trade routes faltered; political boundaries and military fortunes changed overnight as relative strength of tribes fluctuated; even religious beliefs of many Indians were undermined, such was power of this sweeping sickness. The Pilgrims arrived into this maelstrom of terror, a world reeling from body blow it had just received and struggling desperately to reconstitute itself. And while epidemic had a direct and appalling effect on destiny of Indians, through fate of Indians it affected Pilgrims as well. The Pilgrims invoked epidemic and its cataclysmic depopulation of countryside time and again as proof that they were destined to rule New England, and they followed suit by following an aggressive policy of political subjugation. At same time, devastation of population and resulting demoralization caused by ravages of an unstoppable disease first allowed Pilgrims to gain a toehold at Plymouth, then eventually resulted in long-term success of their designs for regional dominion. The epidemic began no later than 1616. During that year English explorer Richard Vines wintered at mouth of Saco River and there witnessed natives suffering from a disease that his employer, Ferdinando Gorges, termed the Plague. (1) Though epidemic affected New England coast between Kennebec River and possibly Penobscot Bay to north and Narragansett Bay in south, its effects seem to have been limited to those tribes that were involved in a loose confederation with French traders, including Massachusetts, Wampanoags, (2) Pawtuckets, Pemaquids, Pennacooks, and Abenaki. (3) The northern Abenaki mostly hunted furs to trade for corn from southern tribes, forming a network of trade routes that helped disease spread from one area to another. Notably, Narragansetts, who lived south of Narragansett Bay and traded with Dutch, were not appreciably affected by epidemic. (4) Diagnosis of particular malady that afflicted Indians of Massachusetts coast is problematic for several reasons. First, dearth of eyewitnesses forces historians to rely mostly on second-hand reports from surviving Indians, most of whom conveyed their information through a formidable language barrier. The only two Europeans who witnessed epidemic firsthand were Richard Vines and Thomas Dermer, of whom latter visited Massachusetts coast in 1619. …" @default.
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• W141536191 date "2003-03-22" @default.
• W141536191 modified "2023-09-28" @default.
• W141536191 title "“A Country Wonderfully Prepared for their Entertainment” The Aftermath of the New England Indian Epidemic of 1616" @default.
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