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• W1421103398 abstract "This chapter reviews the basic properties of the transcription process and then experiments that deal with prebiotic synthesis have been described. This chapter discusses the chemistry of the basic transcription process and then proceeds to the question of how RNAs were synthesized in the early stages of biological evolution. In prokaryotes, DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis all take place in the same cellular compartment, the cytosol. The first RNA polymerase to be discovered was a bacterial enzyme called polynucleotide phosphorylase. There are three major types of RNA that are transcribed from a nuclear DNA template: messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA). These three RNAs work together in protein synthesis. The overall process for RNA synthesis on a duplex DNA, called transcription, can be conceptually divided into initiation, elongation, and termination. Most RNAs are not made in their final functional forms as they peel off the DNA template. They must undergo backbone phosphodiester-bond cleavages into smaller molecules (processing) and individual base changes (modification). The main polymers of biological importance are polysaccharides, polypeptides, and polynucleotides. Although the connectivities among monomeric units with each polymer type are virtually identical, other properties distinguish individual monomeric units. The versatility of RNA enzymes (ribozymes) in large measure results from complex folded structures that create a great variety of sites for binding coenzymes and substrates. It is noted that most cellular RNAs reflect the sequences of the DNA from which they are transcribed." @default.
• W1421103398 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W1421103398 creator A5080932878 @default.
• W1421103398 date "2000-01-01" @default.
• W1421103398 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W1421103398 title "RNA Metabolism and Prebiotic Synthesis of RNA" @default.
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• W1421103398 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-012781910-5/50017-5" @default.
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