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- W14244565 abstract "Fault fluids are mostly NaCl-CO[sub 2]-H[sub 2]O mixtures that originate by metamorphism, escape of connate water from wall rock, circulation of meteoric water, and perhaps contain components derived form igneous and subcrustal sources. Rupturing extends downward into metamorphic terrains undergoing greenschist and amphibolite facies metamorphism, where mineral alteration triggered by fluid pressure transients may extend several hundred meters to perhaps several kilometers into the wall rock. Fluid flowing into regions of lower temperature and/or pressure causes retrograde metamorphic alteration of fault and wall rock, and cementation of fractures. Fault permeability is heterogeneous because irregular, discontinuous lenses of cataclastic and gouge are encased in a heterogeneous damage layer characterized by intense fracturing and hydrothermal alteration. Permeability is also controlled by the geometry of corrugated slip surfaces which create anisotropic flow channels with greatest permeability parallel to long-axes of corrugations. Mineral assemblages and fluid inclusions provide evidence for fluid pressure cycling. Fluid pressure drops when permeability is enhanced by rupturing and subsequently increases as fractures deform, heal and become cemented with alteration minerals. Rates of hydrothermal alteration are comparable to, and sometimes faster, than those of mechanically induced permeability reduction. Effects of fluid chemistry on fault mechanics are not as well understoodmore » as fluid pressure effects. Frictional properties of fault surfaces are changed by chemical corrosion, cementation, and pressure solution. Strengthening by fluid pressure drop during dilatant fracturing may be partially offset by a decrease in fluid bulk modulus triggered by effervescence of CO[sub 2].« less" @default.
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- W14244565 date "1992-01-01" @default.
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- W14244565 title "Structural and fluid-chemical properties of fault zones" @default.
- W14244565 hasPublicationYear "1992" @default.
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