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• W14257224 abstract "Introduction As searchers in 20th century of world war and social upheaval, American modernist poets H.D. (Hilda Doolittle) and Wallace Stevens revised poetry's visionary tradition for skeptical era by re-imagining idea of God. visionary poetics of H.D. and Stevens extends tradition that includes William Blake, Walt Whitman, and Emily Dickinson. H.D. and Stevens neither embrace conventional religion, as T.S. Eliot eventually does, nor reject abstractions of spirit, as William Carlos Williams does in calling poem a machine made out of words. (1) Instead, they evolve new poetries of secular-sacred, inscribing themselves not as prophets of forms but as self-conscious artists whose actual words blaze with an art, or artifice, that can redeem human spirit. (2) H.D. looks back to ancient myths, reclaiming but also revising female divinity in transgressive terms. Stevens re-conceptualizes poetry itself as modern form of redemption. In bodies of work created through mid-century (Stevens died in 1955; H.D., in 1961), they demonstrate poetry's capacity to redeem human spirit singed by historical disasters and existential alienation. Their distinctive inward quests lead to discoveries of other within themselves; then to something larger beyond themselves, an encompassing being or sense of being that may be considered an idea of god. (3) In 21st century search for global accord amid perpetual war and ecological crisis, work of H.D. and Stevens confirms power of visionary poetry as spiritual force for creating common ground. It demonstrates poetry's effectiveness as catalyst for compassionate dialogue across religious divides that are used to fuel global conflict. When Stevens says, is in me or else is not at all (does not exist), (4) he proclaims divinity within, not transcendent God separate and other from human. [T]his is new heresy; / H.D. writes in Trilogy: ... yet ancient rubrics reveal that we are back at beginning: you have long way to go, walk carefully, speak politely to those who have done their cycle, for gods have been smashed before and idols and their secret is stored in very (5) History has failed us, or we have failed it, and we must begin again in present, informed by ancient wisdom and prepared to undergo complete metamorphosis, or worm cycle. Such process has outlived gods as they have been defined and represented through time and various cultures. It is in language, man's very speech, not in idols of religion, where ancient wisdom sets its store through cyclical discourses of history. heresy of H.D. and Stevens resulted from scientific, philosophical, and social change, along with massive world war. Nietzsche declared that God was dead and religion had lost its power long before World War I made poets face brutal reality of large-scale modern warfare at odds with Romantic notions of heroism and honor. Darwin's theory of evolution was taking hold as 20th century began, along with Freud's idea that unconscious motives control human behavior. When Stevens wrote, The mind is most powerful thing in world, it followed that idea of God was human invention. (6) H.D. considered mind and body in her declaration that the brain and womb are both centres of consciousness, equally important. (7) H.D. was reared in Moravian Christian community of Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, by seminary-teacher mother and astronomer father. Moravians believe in simple living, communal spirit of unity, mission, and in mysticism, including of vision manifesting as holy wisdom, insight, or talent. H.D., who titled her childhood memoir Gift, wondered if the gift had passed to her, but was told that it had gone to her musical uncle. Her mother had musical talent but had stopped singing after criticism from her own father. …" @default.
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• W14257224 date "2008-06-22" @default.
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• W14257224 title "Ancient Wisdom to Supreme Fiction: Ideas of God in the Poetry of H.D. and Wallace Stevens" @default.
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