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• W1426136853 abstract "Viviparous reproduction is associated with many potential costs that may contributeto the need to adopt a number of physiological and behavioral tradeoffs. Costs aredivided into two main categories, survival and fecundity, and these may manifest aslocomotory, thermoregulatory, and metabolic costs. Animals must balance these costswith the benefits of reproduction to evolve a successful life-history. To increase ourunderstanding of the life-histories of viviparous reptiles, this study investigated thechanges in mobility, thermoregulatory behavior, thermal physiology, and metabolismduring pregnancy in Niveoscincus microlepidotus.Niveoscincus microlepidotus is a small (3 - 5g) alpine specialist, restricted to altitudesabove 1080 m in Tasmania, Australia. Its preferred microhabitat is open heathlands,alpine forests, and dolerite boulder-fields. This species has an unusual reproductivecycle that makes it an ideal study species for this type of study. Ovulation and matingoccur in spring to early summer, gestation takes place during summer and earlyautumn. The fully developed embryos are held through the winter hibernation andparturition occurs the following spring. Mating does not occur until the next spring.This biennial reproductive mode allows pregnant and non-pregnant females to bestudied simultaneously.This study has shown that female Niveoscincus microlepidotus decrease bodytemperature during pregnancy. Presumably, this is in order to slow embryonicdevelopment until just prior to the commencement of hibernation. This may havesubstantial advantages for reducing the costs of pregnancy to the pregnant female andany costs to the neonates.It has also been shown that Niveoscincus microlepidotus incurs a significant decreasein mobility during pregnancy, which is exaggerated by high temperature and thereforeincreasing costs as gestation continues. However, it was also found that this speciesmay temporally shift its physiological optimal performance temperature to minimise the decrease in performance seen at higher temperatures. Many of the costs ofreproduction associated with impaired locomotory ability are thereby decreased ..This study also examined changes in the standard metabolic rate (SMR) and activemetabolic rate (AMR) associated with viviparous pregnancy. This was accomplishedby measuring oxygen consumption for SMR and biological elimination of therubidium86 isotope for AMR. It was shown that there was a significant increase inSMR that reached a peak in late pregnancy, and AMR was significantly higher inpregnant females than non-pregnant females. This suggests that there is a significantmetabolic cost associated with pregnancy in female N. microlepidotus. Therubidium86 isotope was proved to be a useful method for determining active metabolicrates in the field, minimising many of the problems inherent in other radionucelotidemetabolic techniques.This study has shown that Niveoscincus microlepidotus uses a range of physiologicaland behavioral adaptations to minimise the costs of reproduction. Thereby, N.microlepidotus has therefore evolved a successful life-history that has allowed it tothrive in its variable alpine microhabitat." @default.
• W1426136853 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W1426136853 creator A5002791119 @default.
• W1426136853 date "1999-01-01" @default.
• W1426136853 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W1426136853 title "Maternal costs of reproduction in the southern snow skink, Niveoscincus microlepidotus" @default.
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• W1426136853 hasPublicationYear "1999" @default.
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