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• W142711039 abstract "I. INTRODUCTION Juries usually decide whether a defendant's conduct in a tort suit conforms to the standard required by law.l The jury provides a source of community values when it decides the reasonableness of a party's conduct.2 The jury performs an important role in this regard on issues invoking community values, where judges and juries most frequently come to different conclusions.3 The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) creates a right to sue for disability-based discrimination and to recover damages similar to those in a tort suit.4 Among other issues, a jury may decide if an employer made reasonable accommodations for a disabled employee.5 When reasonable accommodations are not made, the presumption is that an employer has discriminated against the adversely affected employee? By determining whether an employer has made a reasonable accommodation, juries ensure that society's conception of reasonableness shapes employers' compliance with the ADA.7 Furthermore, the right to have a jury determine the liabilities of parties in all legal claims has been cemented in the Seventh Amendment.8 This Note argues that the right to a jury trial plays an important role in ADA litigation, and that it should be provided even where back pay is the only remedy sought. This rule not only makes sound policy, but the Seventh Amendment requires it. When the ADA was enacted in 1990, the remedies available were the same as those listed in Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.9 Congress intended that the remedies for discrimination on the basis of race and sex prohibited by the Civil Rights Act of 1964 would be the same as those for discrimination on the basis of disability, even if Title VII was amended.lo These remedies included enjoining an employer from engaging in unlawful conduct, ordering the reinstatement hiring of employees, awarding back pay,ll or any other equitable relief as the court deems appropriate.12 Neither the ADA nor Title VII addressed the right to a jury trial. In the Civil Rights Act of 1991, Congress broadened the remedies available for intentional discrimination to include compensatory damages for future pecuniary losses, emotional pain, suffering, inconvenience, mental anguish, loss of enjoyment of life. . nonpecuniary losses and punitive damages.13 When these remedies are sought under the Civil Rights Act of 1991, Congress has expressly given either party the right to demand a jury trial.14 Back pay, however, is specifically excluded from this list of compensatory remedies,l5 and therefore a claim for back pay does not necessarily provide a right to a jury trial under the 1991 Civil Rights Act. The Supreme Court has not decided whether a party has a right to a jury trial in an ADA Title VII claim where back pay damages, but no other compensatory punitive damages, are sought.ls Several courts of appeals have denied a jury trial in Title VII cases where the plaintiff seeks only back pay.l7 No court of appeals, however, has expressly decided whether a right to a jury trial exists in ADA claims seeking only back pay. Under the ADA, two district courts have denied a jury trial on a claim solely for back pay.ls In doing so, one court noted that back pay under the ADA and Title VII is an open question, but it inferred from the 1991 Civil Rights Act's exclusion of back pay from compensatory damages that Congress intended to exclude a right to a jury trial.19 The second district court did not put to the jury the question of whether back pay should be awarded, even though the jury found the defendant liable for compensatory damages, because, according to the court, back pay was at the discretion of the judge.20 In addition, another district court has interpreted the express provision of the right to a jury trial in claims for compensatory and punitive damages to mean that Congress's silence on the right to a jury trial under Title II of the ADA (public employer discrimination) indicates that no right to a jury trial exists where only back pay is sought. …" @default.
• W142711039 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W142711039 date "1999-04-01" @default.
• W142711039 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W142711039 title "Asserting the Seventh Amendment: An Argument for the Right to a Jury Trial when Only Back Pay is Sought Under the Americans with Disabilities Act" @default.
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