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• W142868570 abstract "Many factors affect foraging behavior of rodents, including predation risk, which is thought to influence seed selection and seed handling by desert rodents in patchy environments. Understanding forces that drive seed selection and seed fate can aid understanding of rodents' impacts on vegetation structure and dynamics. In a feeding arena study, we tested how indirect and direct predation cues influence seed selection and handling behaviors (e.g., scatterhoarding and larderhoarding) of two heteromyid rodents, Dipodomys ordii (Ord's kangaroo rat) and Perognathus parvus (Great Basin pocket mouse), foraging on three seed species. The indirect cue was shrub cover: one half of the arena had sagebrush shrubs present while the other half was free of shrub cover. Direct cues, presented one per trial, were (1) control, (2) vocalization of Canis latrans, (3) scent of C. latrans, (4) scent of Vulpes vulpes, or (5) vocalization of Asio jlammeus. We offered seeds of two native grasses, Achnatherum hymenoides (Indian ricegrass) and Pseudoroegneria spicata (bluebunch wheatgrass), and the non-native Secale cereale (cereal rye), each in separate plastic trays. D. ordii preferentially harvested A. hymenoides while P. parvus predominately harvested A. hymenoides and S. cereale. P. parvus was more likely to scatterhoard preferred seeds, whereas D. ordii mostly consumed and/or placed preferred seeds in a larder. Neither indirect nor direct cues significantly affected seed preferences. However, both species altered seed handling behavior in response to direct predation cues by leaving more seeds alive in the seed pool, though they responded to different predator cues. The two rodents are expected to have different impacts on plant recruitment in both natural and managed settings. Variation in preference, as revealed in this study, could be exploited as a component of reseeding strategies at sites where estimates of rodent community composition are available. To the extent that predator cues alter handling behavior, they provide a potential tool in developing restoration strategies that minimize seed loss. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank Michael White and the participants of the National Science Foundation supported Summer Science Camp project that were of great assistance in data collection and processing. We especially thank Tyler Logan for rodent trapping and transport and Ryan Barker for the construction of the arenas. John Shivik and Fred Knowlton provided advice on implementation of predator cues. We also extend thanks to the people and programs that made this project possible through funding or other support: Stephanie White, the Utah State University (USU) Ecology Center, the USU Undergraduate Research and Creative Opportunities Program (to KJS), the USU College ofNatural Resources Undergraduate Independent Research Grants Program (to KJS), the USU Ecology Center research fellowship (to SMa), and a Utah State University School of Graduate Studies dissertation fellowship (to SMa), the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, and the Sagebrush Steppe Treatment Evaluation Project, which is funded by the U.S. Joint Fire Science Program. TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE 1 1 FIGURE 1 2 FIGURE2 3 FIGURE 3 4 FIGURE4 5 FIGURE 5 6 INTRODUCTION 7 METHODS 11 RESlTLTS 16 DISCUSSION 18 LITERATURE CITED ' 25 Table 1. Results from the ANOVAs for seed removal and seed fate. Dashes indicate terms not included in the statistical model. Seed Preference Seed Fate PC1 PC2 PC3 Experimental Factors df F P df F P F P F P Rodent 1,10 22.20 <0.01 1,10 48.72 <0.01 0.02 0.90 8.53 0.02 Direct Cue 4,39 1.31 0.28 4,38 1.43 0.24 0.53 0.71 1.78 0.15 RodentxDirect Cue 4,39 1.08 0.38 4,38 0.70 0.59 3.11 0.03 0045 0.77 Microhabitat 1,49 0.12 0.73 RodentxMicrohabitat 1,49 0.54 0047 Direct CuexMicrohabitat 4,49 0.37 0.83 RodentxDirect CuexMicrohabitat 4,49 0.32 0.86 Seed Species 2,192 59043 <0.01 2,94 50.09 <0.01 5.39 0.01 21048 <0.01 RodentxSeed Species 2,192 27.90 <0.01 2,94 13.88 <0.01 14.62 <0.01 0.90 0041 Direct CuexSeed Species 8,192 1.80 0.08 8,94 0.94 0049 1.01 0043 0.60 0.77 RodentxDirect CuexSeed Species 8,192 1.00 0043 8,94 1.05 0041 0.72 0.67 0.67 0.72 Microhabitat xSeed Species 2,192 0.65 0.52 RodentxMicrohabitatxSeed Species 2,192 0.15 0.86 Direct CuexMicrohabitatxSeed Species 8,192 0.33 0.95 RodentxDirect CuexMicrohabitatxSeed Species 8,192 1.05 0040 Covariance Parameter Estimates Seed Preference PC1 PC2 PC3 Session (Rodent) 0.0012 0 0 0.0070 Direct CuexSession (Rodent) 0.0700 1.60 1.62 0.127 Direct CuexMicrohabitatxSession (Rodent) 0 Residual 0.1393 2043 3.21 1041" @default.
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• W142868570 date "2009-01-01" @default.
• W142868570 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W142868570 title "Effects of Direct and Indirect Predator Cues on Heteromyid Seed Selection and Seed Fate" @default.
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