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- W1430067286 abstract "Publisher Summary Glucose transporter isoforms are to a great extent homologous, but differ markedly in their subcellular targeting. The intracellular sequestration of glutamate (GLUT)4 appears to be independent of cell type, suggesting the involvement of a ubiquitous targeting mechanism. Glucose transport in many cell types is not a rate-limiting step for overall cellular glucose metabolism and is, therefore, not subject to acute regulation. For example, the major glucose transporter isoforms expressed in the endothelial cells, hepatocytes, and neurons (GLUT1, GLUT2, and GLUT3, respectively) are expressed constitutively at high levels in the plasma membrane. The flux of glucose across the membrane of these cell types varies primarily according to the circulating glucose concentration and is largely unaffected by changes in the levels of hormones and other circulatory factors. On the other hand, the so-called insulin-sensitive tissues, muscle and fat, respond within minutes to the elevated blood insulin levels, with a dramatic increase in cellular glucose uptake. The effect of insulin on glucose transport in fat and muscle is made possible by the intracellular sequestration of GLUT4 in the absence of the hormone. The rapid response of GLUT4 to insulin is critical for the maintenance of normal glucose homeostasis, because skeletal muscle is the major depot for sugar disposal in the postprandial state. Thus, unraveling the subcellular trafficking of glucose transporters in insulin-sensitive cell types is a prerequisite for understanding the mechanism by which insulin regulates the blood glucose levels." @default.
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- W1430067286 date "1994-01-01" @default.
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- W1430067286 title "Chapter 5 Subcellular Targeting and Regulation of Glucose Transporters" @default.
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