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• W143372079 abstract "A significant and far-reaching federal statute concern ing interstate child matters was passed by Con gress and signed into law on December 5, 1980. Known as the Parental Kidnapping Prevention Act of 1980, P.L. 96-611 is a slightly amended version of the Wallop proposal, first introduced in the Senate on January 25, 1978. After much debate and frustration in the Congress, it was thought that the bill would not be passed. However, attached as a rider to the Pneumococcal Vaccine Medicine Coverage Act, it was passed in the dying days of the Ninety-sixth Congress, and it constitutes a major potential deterrent to the problem of child-snatching and forum-shopping in interstate matters. The express purpose of the new legislation is: (1) to promote cooperation among the states in the enforce ment of and visitation orders; (2) to discourage continuing interstate controversies and conflicts, and; (3) to deter interstate abductions of children. It has three key provisions: (1) all states are required to give full faith and credit to prior determina tions rendered by another state; (2) the federal Parent Locator Service is made available to assist in finding parents who flee with their children in violation of ex isting decrees, or to avoid potential ones, and; (3) parental kidnapping in violation of felony statutes renders such parents as violators of federal Criminal Code provisions concerning interstate or inter national flight to avoid prosecution. The first and most important provision of the act amends Title 28 U.S.C. Chapter 115, section 8(a), by adding section 1738A, requiring the appropriate authorities of every to enforce, and not modify, any prior child custody determination, rendered with appropriate jurisdiction, by a court of another state. As defined in the new law, a custody in cludes not only permanent orders, but also tem porary orders, initial orders, and modifications. Thus, a decree need not be in order to qualify for enforcement. Also, determinations include provisions for visitation under the act. This is important, because the relationship between and visitation has become somewhat obscured as a result of the emerging trend toward joint and split arrangements in many jurisdictions. The provisions of section 1738A for recognition and enforcement of prior determinations of another are qualified by two important re quirements: (1) the determination must have been rendered by a court having jurisdiction, as defined by the act, and (2) the rendering the determination must have continuing jurisdiction and not have declined to exercise jurisdiction. To this end, the federal statute incorporates several essential jurisdictional features of the Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction Act (UCCJA). The jurisdictional prerequisites of section 3 of the UCCJA, including the home state requirement, are adopted by the act. Jurisdiction of a is to be determined by application of the law of the purporting to exercise it. Furthermore, such jurisdiction continues in the render ing as long as, by its own law, it retains jurisdiction, and as long as that remains the residence of the child or of any contestant. Thus, in many cases, a may theoretically retain jurisdiction through final determina tion on appeal under its own law, even where a trial court has relinquished jurisdiction. The act also adopts the UCCJA provisions concern ing: (1) simultaneous proceedings in other states, (2) modification, (3) notice, and (4) wrongful taking. Thus, a court is prohibited from modifying a prior determination of another unless the court of the prior no longer has jurisdiction, or it has declined to exercise such jurisdiction to modify its earlier determination. Also, in order to modify, the new must have acquired jurisdiction under the pre requisite of section 3 of the UCCJA. In all cases, before child can be determined, the contestants, any party whose parental rights have not been previously terminated, and any person who has physical of a child must be given reasonable notice and opportunity to be heard. The sufficiency of this notice requirement presumably is to be tested by the law of the purporting to exercise jurisdiction and by general due process standards. Thus, in appropriate cases, in personam jurisdiction over an absent party may not be required under the rule of May v. Anderson, (Continued on page 44)" @default.
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• W143372079 date "2016-01-01" @default.
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• W143372079 title "The Parental Kidnapping Prevention Act of 1980" @default.
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