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• W1433996622 abstract "International law has accepted groups and endowed them with certain rights and obligations. A group's categorization determines exactly which rights it has. If a group is defined as a people, it has the right to self-determination. An indigenous people enjoys the right to internal self-determination. Tribal groups are treated as indigenous peoples by international law. Minorities, on the other hand, do not enjoy the right to self-determination, but enjoy more detailed rights in the areas of language, culture and politics. Nations may be the link between minorities and peoples, or may be simply a category of its own. As different names lead to different legal consequences, it is worth delineating the groups. Categorization is only possible to a certain degree. Grey areas can be minimized but not eliminated.Keywords: peoples; minorities; nations; tribal groups; indigenous peoplesStudents of minority rights law inevitably come across the right to self-determination, that is, a people's right to self-determination. A cascade of questions ensues: Who is a people? How does a people differ from a minority? What does the right to self-determination entail? Is there a right to secession? Is autonomy an alternative to self-determination or a way of exercising the right to self-determination? Many more questions come to mind.To answer these questions, we turn to the definition of a people and the related concepts of minorities, indigenous peoples, tribal groups and nations. According to the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, peoples enjoy the right to self-determination. Nations also have the right to self-determination even though international treaties always refer to peoples. Peoples (and nations) have been defined using two very different methods: the territorial and the approach. The latter, which looks at the defining characteristics of a people, is very similar to the way minorities are defined. In short, these definitions, and groups, need to be disentangled.International law has us believe that the answer is all in the name. For example, if a group is named a people, the right to self-determination is the consequence. If a group is named a minority, self-determination is not possible. In other words, definitions have legal consequences (Lehman, 2006/2007: 515). Kingsbury has termed this the positivist approach (Kingsbury, 1998). The aim here is to provide an overview of definitions against the backdrop of self-determination. As not all groups have a right to self-determination, clearly delineating one group from the other would be ideal. This, however, proves to be difficult, as there are overlapping grey areas and uncertainties in the way groups are categorized.The reluctance of states to grant a group rights is another problem that necessitates clear categorization of groups. Lehman notes incidents where states use the lack of proper definition as an excuse for not granting rights usually associated with a specific group (Lehmann, 2006/2007: 524). The same line of argument is applicable to minorities (de Azcarate, 1945: 4; Alfredsson, 2005: 163-165).International law was and is made for states by states. States have established international organizations, which are partly accepted as actors under international law and have certain rights and obligations. The rise of human rights has meant that even individuals have now been, albeit reluctantly and unsurely, admitted to join the illustrious circle of actors under international law. Groups, on the other hand, seem to have no place under international law. International law is a fragile system that depends on identifiable actors. Groups can form and dissolve, their composition can change, and issues of legitimacy, leadership and accountability are often raised. Groups are simply not a reliable partner for international law. Nevertheless, it has been necessary for international law not only to accept groups into its vocabulary but to endow them with certain rights and obligations. …" @default.
• W1433996622 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W1433996622 date "2015-01-01" @default.
• W1433996622 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
• W1433996622 title "What's In a Name? Peoples, Minorities, Indigenous Peoples, Tribal Groups and Nations" @default.
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