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• W143803975 abstract "Lipids are a group of biologically important compounds that may be used as indicators of relationshipsbetween an organism and its environment. Lipid class composition identifies types of storage lipid whichcan suggest a pelagic or benthic existence and may be used to measure the condition of an organism. Fattyacid composition may reflect trophic ecology. Lipid profiling has been used to elucidate elements of theecology of organisms from Mid-Atlantic and Juan de Fuca Ridge hydrothermal vents and shrimp frombelow a permanent oxygen minimum zone. Lipid profiles of these organisms from extreme deep-seaenvironments are compared.Lipid profiles of adult Mid-Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal vent shrimp, Rimicaris exoculata. support abenthic existence and primarily chemoautotrophic bacterial nutrition. Postlarval alvinocarid shrimp lipidprofiles suggest a pelagic life cycle stage with a reliance on phototrophically derived organic matter. Thisresult supports previous molecular evidence that Rimicaris exoculata travels between hydrothermal ventson the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The branchial area of Rimicaris exoculata has been reported to be colonisedwith bacteria and elevated levels of bacterial fatty acids are present in these tissues. Lipid analyses of thereproductive organs of Rimicaris exoculata reveal increases in triglycerides, sterols, phosphatidyl cholineand the proportion of n-3 fatty acids with advancing reproductive maturity. Preliminary studies of the lipidprofiles of the Mid-Atlantic vent shrimp Alvinocaris markensis support the hypothesis that it is a scavengerand contains a lower proportion of bacterially derived fatty acids.The lipid profiles of the deep-sea shrimp, Nematocarcinus gracilis, from the Indian Ocean, wereconsistent with a benthic lifestyle, opportunistic feeding and a reliance on phototrophically derived organicmatter. Despite the presence of a permanent oxygen minimum zone above the habitat of the shrimp,Nematocarcinus gracilis contain low levels of highly unsaturated fatty acids, reflecting a reduction in theavailability of labile organic matter with depth.The hydrothermal vent tube worm Ridgeia piscesae contains only low levels of storage lipid, reflecting anextreme reliance on endosymbiotic bacteria. Wax esters detected are thought to be stored in oocytes. Thefatty acid profile of Ridgeia piscesae reveal mainly bacterial biomarker fatty acids, but somephototrophically derived fatty acids are also present. Adult Ridgeia piscesae have no gut, so themechanism by which these fatty acids are assimilated is uncertain.Lipid profiles of the hydrothermal vent palm worm, Paralvinella palmiformis vary with the conditions ofthe different microenvironments in which specimens were found. Fatty acids reflect a mixed diet basedmainly on chemoautotrophic bacteria, but with significant inputs of phototrophically derived organicmatter, such as diatom debris.Phototrophically derived fatty acids were also detected in the hydrothermal vent clam Calyptogenapacifica. suggesting that the reduced filter-feeding ability of this species is used to supplement nutritionfrom endosymbiotic bacteria. Endosymbiont-bearing gill tissues contain the highest proportion of bacterialfatty acids and also high concentrations of triglycerides. The presence of triglycerides in gill tissuessuggests that energy may be transferred from symbionts by hydrolysis of bacterial symbiont membranelipids and their conversion to triglyceride.The lipid profiles presented in this work increase understanding of the life history strategies and ecologyof the species studied. This thesis shows that even the most highly adapted hydrothermal vent organismsdo not rely solely on a chemoautotrophic source of nutrition, but also appear to require phototrophicallyderived elements in their diet." @default.
• W143803975 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W143803975 date "1998-12-01" @default.
• W143803975 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W143803975 title "Lipid profiles of deep-sea organisms" @default.
• W143803975 hasPublicationYear "1998" @default.
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