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• W1443435908 abstract "THE FACE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE IN CALIFORNIA* By HENRY RAMSEY T HE FACE OF JUSTICE is a white face. About that there should be no ques- THE POLICE THE FIRST FLOOR we find the police. tion or disagreement. But to the Black ON man, woman or child accused or con- victed, justice has many faces. It is a racist face. It is a face of financial ex- ploitation. It is a hard, brutal, vicious face. It is aninsensitive and cold face It is a nypocricai race. It is me race ot injustice. It is a face which, like the gates of hell in Dante's Inferno, seems to say, all hope abandon, ye who enter here. ' If you hold the position that this descrip- tion of justice is too harsh, that it is unfair or inaccurate, then come walk with me through this house which the white man has labeled Justice. We find men whose educational level and quality of learning are seriously de- ficient in relationship to the authority and power of life and death which they exercise over Black people and the Black community on an almost hourly basis. 2 Not only are the police inadequately trained technically to perform a service to the community, but they perceive - and the Black community perceives - their function as that of an army of occupation; not as civil servants em- ployed to serve the needs of the neigh- borhood or community where they patrol, but rather as gunmen hired to keep Black *This article was derived from a position paper delivered by the author at the California Black Leadership Confer- ence on June 26, 1971. The Conference was held at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles and was jointly sponsored by the Black Press of California and the Center for Social Action of the School of Public Adminis- tration, University of Southern California. standards for the police service remain low. Again on page 126: The need for highly educated personnel was recog- nized as early as 1931 in the report of the Wicker- sham Commission. But despite the admonition of that Commission to improve low entrance standards, educational requirements remain minimal in most departments .... Although minimal educational re- quirements have not prevented some persons with higher academic achievement from pursuing careers in law enforcement, these exceptions are few in num- ber. In a survey conducted of 6,200 officers in 1964, only 30.3 percent had taken one or more college courses and only 7.3 percent possessed a college de- gree. A more recent survey of over 5,700 police of- ficers employed by police agencies in the Metropoli- tan Detroit survey, it was further shown that nearly 13 percent of the officers had not received high school diplomas. In discussing so-called educational or training programs for law enforcement officers, the Commission at page 127 declared: The Commision's examination of these programs dis- closed that many of them are highly vocational in nature and are primarily intended to provide technical skills necessary in performing police work. College credit is given, for example, for such courses as traffic control, defensive tactics and patrol procedures. 1. Dante Alighieri, The Divine Comedy, Canto I1, line 9, (Henry F. Cary transl. 1937). 2. See The President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice, Task Force Report: The Police (Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1967) at 125: it has often been stated that policing a community is a personal service of the highest order, requiring sterling qualities in the individual who performs it.... Few professions are so perculiarly charged with in- dividual responsibility. Officers are compelled to make instantaneous decisions - often without clear-cut guidance from a legislature, the judiciary, or from departmental policy - and mistakes in judgment could cause irreparable harm to citiLens, or even to the community.... While innumerable commissions and expert observers have long recognized and re- ported this need, communities have not yet demanded that officers possess these qualities, and personnel" @default.
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• W1443435908 date "1972-01-01" @default.
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• W1443435908 title "The Face of Criminal Justice in California" @default.
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