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• W1444262073 abstract "In the clinical area, some symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) also present in patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Research has shown that there are alterations in brain circuits that have an impact upon specific cognitive and behavioural failures in each of these disorders. Yet, little research has been conducted on the brain correlates underlying both the similarities and the differences in the symptoms. In this review, the structural and functional meta-analytical studies that have been carried out to date on ADHD and ASD have been analysed. On the one hand, there are convergences in the attentional dorsal, executive functions, visual, somatomotor circuits and the default activation circuit. These similarities can account for the comorbid manifestations between the disorders, such as failure in the integration of information, fine motor control and specific attention processes. On the other hand, specifically in ADHD, there is a deficit in the reward circuit and in the attentional ventral, which are systems involved in the measurement of the effects of reinforcement and monitoring of attention. In ASD, the circuits that are most strongly affected are those involved in social cognition and language processes. In conclusion, there are neuronal correlates in both disorders that explain both the convergent and divergent clinical and behavioural manifestations. Neurobiologia del autismo y del trastorno por deficit de atencion/hiperactividad mediante tecnicas de neuroimagen: divergencias y convergencias.En el area clinica, algunos sintomas del trastorno por deficit de atencion/hiperactividad (TDAH) se presentan en los pacientes con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA). Se ha demostrado que existen alteraciones en circuitos cerebrales que impactan en fallos cognitivos y de comportamiento especificos en cada uno de estos trastornos. Sin embargo, se han estudiado poco los correlatos cerebrales que hay detras tanto de las similitudes como de las diferencias sintomatologicas. En la presente revision, se analizaron los estudios metaanaliticos existentes estructurales y funcionales en el TDAH y el TEA. Por un lado, se observan convergencias en circuitos como el dorsal atencional, de funciones ejecutivas, visual, somatomotor y circuito de activacion por defecto. Estas similitudes pueden explicar las manifestaciones comorbidas entre los trastornos como el fallo en la integracion de informacion, la motricidad fina y los procesos de atencion especificos. Por otro lado, especificamente en el TDAH, se observa deficit en el circuito de recompensa y en el ventral atencional, sistemas involucrados en la medicion de efectos de refuerzo y monitorizacion de la atencion. En el TEA, los circuitos mas afectados son los implicados en los procesos de cognicion social y lenguaje. En conclusion, existen correlatos neuronales en ambos trastornos que explican las manifestaciones clinicas y de comportamiento tanto convergentes como divergentes." @default.
• W1444262073 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W1444262073 date "2013-09-06" @default.
• W1444262073 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W1444262073 title "[Neurobiology of autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder by means of neuroimaging techniques: convergences and divergences]." @default.
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