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• W144535538 abstract "The Spring 2007 issue of The Hymn (Vol. 58, No. 2) included an article by S. Andrew Granade and Anping Wu entitled Unity in Song: The Creation of an Indigenous Chinese Hymnody through Hymns of Universal (pp. 13-26). The article dealt mainly with the first edition of that hymnal published in Shanghai in 1936. But so much has happened in China since 1936! Then it would have been inconceivable that Beijing would be hosting the 2008 summer Olympics. Many North Americans will undoubtedly travel to China for the games this summer. If they are in Beijing on a Sunday and would like to worship in a church, what would they sing, and what hymnal would they use? Have the claims Granade and Wu made of that hymnal helping to create an indigenous hymnody been confirmed in subsequent hymnals? For that matter, what about the many Chinese-speaking Christians in other countries around the world-is there a body of Chinese hymnody that has taken root? This article attempts to provide introductory glimpses of current Chinese hymnody. The subject is much larger than this article can address; I can provide only a brief account based on travel to mainland China in 2004 and 2007, when I gave lectures on worship and church music, worshiped in different Chinese churches, and began to study recent Chinese hymnals.1 Changes in the Christian Church in China Since 1949 In 1949, thirteen years after the first edition of Hymns of Universal Praise was published, the Communist Party took control in China, and Chairman Mao proclaimed the establishment of the People's Republic of China. Hundreds of thousands of Chinese fled their homeland. All foreign missionaries were expelled. But conflict was hardly over. During the Cultural Revolution that followed (1965-1970s), Christians were severely persecuted, and many went underground. The most extreme measures came in the twelve year period from 1966-1978, when all were closed and all religions-not just Christianity-were banned. This was a period of great pain and suffering for all Chinese people. In 1978 a new constitution and new government spoke of a New China, and the change in direction has continued to this day, with amazing economic expansion, international trade, and a building boom that has affected life around the world, from the toys we buy our children to the price we pay for oil. Thousands of college and university students study abroad-both coming from and going to China. Tourism has also increased dramatically in both directions in the last half dozen years. The 2008 Olympic Games are much anticipated both in China and on the part of thousands who will attend the Olympics, most probably coming to China for the first time. But the first years after 1978 did not change so quickly. The 1978 constitution guaranteed freedom of religion, and cautiously started to reopen. They were understandably cautious; through the China Christian Council, the government now exercised direct control and regulation over churches, which needed to register with the government to seek permission to re-open-hence the common reference to registered churches in distinction from illegal churches which refused to submit to government control. With such a tumultuous recent past, the government wanted to prevent any religious groups from destabilizing society during this time of transition, so to reopen legally, had to register and follow the Three-Self principles of a completely indigenous church: self-governing, self-supporting, and self-propagating, hence also the common reference to Three-Self churches.2 The restrictions imbedded in these three principles were resisted by house that survived and grew under government persecution; it is no surprise that many of them wanted nothing to do with government control even after 1978.3 In short, there are no longer denominations in mainland China. Enforced ecumenism has been the rule for the past generation. …" @default.
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• W144535538 date "2008-04-01" @default.
• W144535538 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W144535538 title "Glimpses of Recent Chinese Hymnody: Including a Review of the 2006 Edition of Hymns of Universal Praise" @default.
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