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• W1445833 abstract "Edwardsiella tarda was isolated from the kidneys of apparently healthy juvenile red tilapia tetrahybrids (Oreochromis mossambicus X O. niloticus X O. urolepis hornorum X O. aureus) produced on an intensive commercial basis in freshwater ponds at a tilapia farm in western Venezuela. The present report documents the first isolation of E. tarda from tilapias in Venezuela. Several workers have reported the isolation of Edwardsiella tarda from wild and farmed species of tilapias and their hybrids in countries of Africa and Asia, as well as in the USA (Badran, 1993; Bragg, 1988; Kubota et al., 1981; Lightner et al., 1988; Miyashito, 1984; Paperna, 1996; Van Damme & Vandepitte, 1980). In cases where the presence of the bacterium is associated with disease, the clinical signs usually include septicaemia, for which reason the infection is known as edwardsiellosis or Edwardsiella septicaemia (Plumb, 1993). As part of a collaborative study to detect possible emerging pathological problems in fish and other aquatic organisms of interest to aquaculture in Venezuela, the authors effected laboratory examinations of different species of fish from various regions of the country. During this work programme, a batch of 20 live and apparently healthy juvenile red tilapia tetrahybrids (Oreochromis mossambicus X O. niloticus X O. urolepis hornorum X O. aureus), reared in freshwater ponds and weighing 14 – 20 g, was received from a tilapia farm located in western Venezuela. 10 of these specimens were submitted to bacteriological analysis. Following sacrifice, material was taken aseptically from the kidneys, using a flamed platinum loop, and streaked onto plates of trypticase soy agar (TSA) for incubation at 25oC. Bacterial colonies which appeared were picked off, purified and subsequently identified by standard procedures (Frerichs, 1993; Koneman et al., 1992). Four of the individual samples yielded colonies of Gram negative, cytochrome oxidase negative and motile rods. The reactions of these isolates proved identical in the tests which were carried out (Table 1), and they were identified as Edwardsiella tarda in accordance with the criteria recommended by Plumb (1993). Bull. Eur. Ass. Fish Pathol., 22(4) 2002, 281 It is important to emphasise that the present isolates were obtained from the kidneys of red tilapia tetrahybrids which were “apparently healthy” on receipt, i.e. : did not display any patent external or internal signs indicative of disease or parasitosis. The authors are unaware of any previous published reports on the isolation of Edwardsiella tarda from tilapias in Venezuela or, indeed, from other countries of Central and South America in which these fish are farmed on a commercial basis. Roberts & Sommerville (1982) have remarked on the singular importance of E. tarda infections in intensive tilapia farming operations, and the negative economic impact of the condition is compounded, in practice, by the problems which occur when infected and asymptomatic tilapias are being filleted or otherwise prepared for processing prior to their sale in trade (Plumb, 1997). The foregoing indicates that Edwardsiella tarda must now be given due consideration as a potential bacterial pathogen in tilapia farm- ing in Venezuela and, perhaps, also in other countries of Central and South America which are important producers of tilapias for distri- bution in the markets as a product destined for human consumption. For these reasons, attempts to isolate and identify E. tarda should now comprise an integral part of any labora- tory procedures designed to monitor the fish health status of farmed tilapias in Latin America. References Badran, A. F. 1993. An outbreak of edwardsiellosis among Nile tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus) reared in ponds sup- plied with domestic wastewater. Zag. Vet. J. 21, 771 – 778. Bragg, R. R. 1988. First isolation of Edwardsiella tarda from fish in South Africa. Bull. Eur. Ass. Fish Pathol. 8, 84 – 88. Frerichs, G. N. 1993. Isolation and Identifica- tion of Fish Bacterial Pathogens. IN : “Bacte- rial Diseases of Fish” (Editors : Inglis, V., Roberts, R. J. and Bromage, N. R.). Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK : 257 – 283. Koneman, W. W., Allen, E. D., Dowell, U. R. and Sommers, H. M. 1992. Color Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology. Lipincott Co., Canada : 1154 pp. Kubota, S. S., Kaige, N., Miyazaki, T. and Miyashito, T. 1981. Histopathological studies on edwardsiellosis of tilapias. 1. Natural in- fection. Bull. Fac. Fish. Mie Univ. 9, 155 – 165. t s e T n o i t c a e R t s e T n o i t c a e R y g o l o h p r o M d o r r e u a k s o r P - s e g o V - n i a t s m a r G - ) s n o m m i S ( e t a r t i C - ) C o 5 2 ( y t i l i t o M + e s a e r U - ) C o 5 3 ( y t i l i t o M + e s a d i s o t c a l a g - a t e B - e s a d i x o e m o r h c o t y C - e d i h p l u s n e g o r d y H + n o r i r a g u s e l p i r T ) r e l g i l K ( r a g a G A / K : m o r f d i c A e s o c u l G + s i s y l o m e a H ) a t e b ( + e s o t c a L e l o d n I + e s o t l a M + d e r l y h t e M + l o t i n n a M Table 1. Key characteristics of E. tarda from juvenile red tilapia tetrahybrids in Venezuela. Bull. Eur. Ass. Fish Pathol., 22(4) 2002, 282 Lightner, D. V., Redman, R., Mohney, L. , Dickenson, G. and FitzSimmons, K. 1988. Major diseases encountered in contolled en- vironment culture of tilapias in freshand brackishwater over a three-year period in Arizona. IN : “Proceedings of the Second In- ternational Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture” (Editors : Pullin, R. S. V., Bukawan, T, Tonguthal, K. and MacLean, J. L.). ICLARM, Manila, Philippines : 111 – 116. Miyashito, T. 1984. Pseudomonas fluorescens and Edwardsiella tarda isolated from diseased tilapia. Fish Pathol. 19, 45 – 50. Paperna, I. 1996. Parasites, infections and dis- eases of fishes in Africa. An update. FAO, Rome, Italy. CIFA Tech. Paper (31), 220 pp. Plumb, J. A. 1993. Edwardsiella septicaemia. IN : “Bacterial Diseases of Fish” (Editors : Inglis, V., Roberts, R. J. and Bromage, N. R.), Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK : 61 – 79. Plumb, J. A. 1997. Infectious diseases of tilapias. IN : “Tilapia Aquaculture in the Americas” (Editors : Costa-Pierce, B. A. and Rakocy, J. E.). World Aquaculture Society 1, 212 – 228. Roberts, R. J. and Sommerville, C. 1982. Dis- eases of Tilapias. IN : “The Biology and Cul- ture of Tilapias” (Editors : Pullin, R. S. V. and Lowe-McConnell, R. H.). ICLARM, Manila, Philippines. ICLARM Conf. Proc. (7), 247 – 263. Van Damme, L. R. and Vandepitte, J. 1980. Frequent isolation of Edwardsiella tarda and Plesiomonas shigelloides from healthy Zairese freshwater fish. A possible source of sporadic diarrhoea in the tropics. Appl. Environ. Micribiol. 39, 475 – 479." @default.
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• W1445833 title "First report of Edwardsiella tarda from tilapias in Venezuela" @default.
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