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• W14463839 abstract "The dog has been used in medical research as a model for humans, but the lack of appreciation of the differences especially in reproductive pattern and hormonal effects and sensitivity has led to some classic misconceptions for instance regarding the tumorigenic effects of progestagens on mammary glands. In contrast, the dog has proved to be a very useful model in studies on human prostatic functions. The domestic dog is also more and more used as a model in research aiming at the preservation of the many species of wild canids that are threatened by extinction; projects popularly referred to as ”The Frozen Zoo”. During the last 10-15 years our knowledge of canine reproduction has made major progress. This chapter aims at summarising the basic reproductive physiology of the dog, including the latest discoveries within this field, and also to give an update on the applications of new reproductive technology in this species. Reproductive endocrinology The reproductive events, both in the male and the female dog, are orchestrated from the hypothalamus which in response to some as yet partly unknown stimuli produces and releases the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which, in turn, influences the pituitary gland to secrete follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). These gonadotrophic hormones induce ovarian follicular development and ovulation in the bitch and testicular development, androgen production and spermatogenesis in the male. The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis is regulated via intricate feedback mechanisms (Fig 1a, b) whereby the gonadal hormones having reached a certain concentration via negative feedback downregulate further release of GnRH, and thus FSH and LH. Reproduction in the Male The reproductive organs of the male dog consist of the testicles with epididymides and the vas deferens, the prostate gland, the urethra and the penis. The testicle contains the seminiferous tubules, producing spermatozoa, and the interstitium with Leydig cells which produce steroids, particularly testosterone, in the sexually mature individual. The epididymis consists of a single long duct in which the spermatozoa during passage undergo maturational changes and obtain the capacity for motility. The distal part of the epididymis, the cauda, is the storage site for the matured spermatozoa. Prostatic fluid constitutes the major portion of the ejaculate, and contains several enzymes, cholesterol and lactate. The penis consists of a pelvic part, and" @default.
• W14463839 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W14463839 creator A5013427732 @default.
• W14463839 date "2007-01-01" @default.
• W14463839 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W14463839 title "Biology of Reproduction of the Dog and Modern Reproductive Technology" @default.
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