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• W1446608590 abstract "The Remedial Measures Technique was used assess tree nutrient status adjustments necessary to generally improve the quality of the fruits produced by a Tommy Atkins orchard. The analysis indicated deficiency of both zinc and phosphorus. The effect on fruit quality of a spray of mono potassium phosphate (KHZP04, 1%) and a spray of zinc nitrate (150 ml/l00 I), carried out during the flowering period (August-September, 1998), was assessed in the present study. The quality of the fruits produced by the trees was increased. Quality status was assessed on ground skin colouration, taste and physiological disorder incidence on ripening. In considering tree nutrient status in relation to tree productivity, it is recognised that the concentrations of mineral nutrients relative to one another is of real significance (Oosthuyse, 1997). The significance of nutrient balance has been shown in a number of studies. In a study to ascertain the reasons for internal breakdown in muskmelon, multivariate statistical methods proved to be most efficient in elucidating the factors associated with breakdown occurrence (Sanchez et al., 1992). In grape, stalk necrosis and leaf yellowing, characteristic of magnesium deficiency, was specifically associated with the ratio between the potassium and magnesium concentrations (Nahdi et a!., 1993). The cation-anion balance and the calcium-potassium concentration ratio of the leaves of sugarcane, were found to bare a positive correlation with cane and sugar yield (Rakkiyappan et al., 1996). In plum, the potassium-calcium concentration ratio in the fruit was found to greatly influence fruit quality, and more generally, orchard productivity (Kleiber and Hartmann, 1994). In potted peach trees, a strong correlation was found between the leaf nitrogen-phosphorus concentration ratio, and growth, productivity, or fruit size (Stoilov et al., 1990). Nutrient imbalance resulting from deficiency of certain mineral nutrients is often cited as a reason for the occurrence offruit physiological disorders. Good examples are bitterpit in apple and soft-nose in mango. The former is associated with calcium deficiency, and the latter with calcium and magnesium deficiency (Cocucci et a!., 1990; Kim et al., 1991; Burdon et al., 1991; Burdon et al., 1992). During the 1998 fruiting season, the Remedial Measures Technique (Oosthuyse, 1998) was applied to a Tommy Atkins orchard in the Tzaneen region to assess the tree nutrient status adjustments required to improve the quality of the fruits produced. The analysis indicated deficiency of both phosphorus and zinc. In the present study, the effect on fruit quality of a spray of mono potassium phosphate (KH2P04 at 1%) and of zinc nitrate (150 mill 00 1), carried out during the flowering period (August-September 1998), was assessed. In mid-November, 1997, a leaf sample was taken from each of 30 adjacent trees in a five-year-old Tommy Atkins orchard situated in the Tzaneen region. In taking the leaf samples, four fruit bearing terminal shoots were selected per tree, one within each canopy quadrant. Four leaves were removed per shoot. Leaf nutrient analysis was performed by Central Agricultural Laboratories. At harvest in mid-January, 1998, the fruits on each of the trees were removed. After washing (1% BiProx soap solution), hydro-heating (50C for 5 mins), dipping in fungicide (Omega dip;180 mlllOO Iwater) and hand waxing (Avocado polyethylene wax), the fruits were placed at 20C (±1C) in a well ventilated laboratory to ripen. These procedures were carried out within 24 hours of harvesting. The degree of softening of each fruit was monitored daily with a densimeter (Heinrich Bareiss, Oberdischingen, Germany). A fruit's quality status was assessed when it was firm-ripe (densimeter reading of less than 60). The quality evaluation was performed as follows: Ground skin colour of each fruit was rated. A rating of o was given when signs of skin colouration were absent, a rating of 1 if a transition to a lighter green was apparent, a rating of 2 if regions of the skin had become yellow but the total area that was yellow was less than the total area that was green, a rating of 3 if regions of the skin had become yellow and the total area that was yellow exceeded the total area which was green, or a rating of 4 if the skin was completely yellow. The skin area covered with blush was not considered. To assess internal quality, each fruit was first cut through twice; longitudinally along the flattened margins of the seed. Taste was rated. A rating of 1 was given if taste was deemed appealing, a rating of 0 if taste was deemed satisfactory but not appealing, or a rating of -1 if taste was deemed unsatisfactory. Physiological disorder manifestation in each fruit was rated according to severeness. A rating of 0 was given if a" @default.
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• W1446608590 date "2000-01-01" @default.
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• W1446608590 title "Use of the remedial measures technique to enhance fruit quality in mango." @default.
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