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• W144819049 abstract "Major goals of plant functional genomics are the identification of genes underlying agriculturally important traits and to understand their biological functions. In recent years, progress in this field has been significantly supported by the study of the genetic determinism of phenotypic traits, however examples in grape are still very scarce. Currently consumers are looking for both aromatic presence in table grape and the persistence and complexity of aroma in wine. The flavour content (taste and aroma) influence directly on wine microstructure by playing an essential role in high-quality winemaking. The many compounds contributing to flavour are determined in vineyards through complex interactions among genotypes, environment and cultural practices. Enological processes and individual sensorial perception play also critical roles in determining flavour of thewine (Lund and Bohlmann, 2006). However, the value of a wine is mainly related to the quality of the grape berries. Gene interaction and biochemical mechanisms that enhance high-quality wines production during the biphasic growth of grape berries are for instance still unknown, though the economic relevance of the sector.The first objective of the present PhD thesis was to identify the major genome regions controlling the variability of muscat aroma and monoterpenic odorant content in grape berries, through QTL detection in two mapping populations derived from the intra-specific cross Italia x Big Perlon (300 F1 individuals) and the inter-specific cross Moscato Bianco x Vitis riparia (175 F1 individuals). Experiments at IASMA Research Centre led to the colocalization of DXS1 (1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase class 1 gene in both linkage maps and through the years of analysis with a major QTL explaining a high percentage of the total variance.A second effort was oriented to the understanding of the role of candidate gene in the expression of Muscat aroma trait. This was carried out by evaluating the trascriptomic profile of DXS1 during the whole maturation period of the berry, comparing grapes of two aromatic (Moscato Bianco and Chardonnay clone 809) and one non-aromatic grapevine varieties (Chardonnay clone 130). Volatiles of grape berries were monitored during ripening by analyzing the composition of the berries extracts at 13 different phenological stages for three years.Berry development was considerably affected by the diverse climatic conditions occurred in the years. Ripening time was similar but not equal in 2005 and 2006. On the contrary, in the warm 2007 season, berries development was 10 to 20 days ahead of time, depending of the variety. This is reflected on some monoterpenoids accumulation that seems to be slightly dependent only by the growing stage, while other compounds seem to be significantly depending by environmental conditions.The results of DXS1 expression showed that a particular trend rather than the level of expression ratio could be responsible for this trait.Finally, microarray experiments were performed by using two cDNA pools from different ripening stages of the two Chardonnay clones which differ for the aromatic metabolic profile. The functional categorization and biological function of the genes found differentially expressed were involved in RNA regulation of transcript, transport, secondary metabolism (phenylpropanoids and lignin biosynthesis), cell wall and stress signalling pathways that can overlap or converge at specific points during grape development and aroma biosynthesis.This study increased our knowledge about the genetic determinism of aroma in grape since 1) the genome regions controlling the phenotypic variation were characterized and 2) the correlation of the level of metabolic compounds during grape maturation with candidate genes transcription profiling was described. The results presented here allow us to plan further functional genomics studies in order to clarify the gene networks that can be involved in this important and complex quality trait. However the available information is ready to be applied in marker assisted breeding programmes for the rapid screening of seedlings having the potential to express the desired fruit traits. Moreover this study is opening new perspectives for the management of grape quality also in the vineyards." @default.
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• W144819049 date "2009-01-01" @default.
• W144819049 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W144819049 title "Genetic determination of aroma in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)From QTL to gene expression analysis in aromatic and non-aromatic varieties" @default.
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