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- W144955540 abstract "T here can be little doubt that needs assessments, in one form or another, are becoming a part of educational planning and develop ment. There are kits, admonitions, plans, concepts, and junk (Witkin, 1977). Most needs assessment pro cedures, but not all (Scriven and Roth, 1978), use some form of a discrepancy model 1 that asks the edu cational planner to identify and doc ument the gaps between what and what should be. With these alternative procedures, controversy about need and needs assessment has surfaced particu larly over how the term need is defined and used. Scriven and Roth (1978) use need both as a noun (as a gap between actual and satis factory) and as a verb (A needs X). Confusion is increased when they attempt to define needs in terms of process gaps (treatment-need) and as a gap between actual and satisfactory (a performance-need). Users get confused as to whether a need is a gap in results or a way to eliminate a gap in results. By restrict ing the use of need to a gap in results, confusion can be avoided. All gaps are discrepancies, but not" @default.
- W144955540 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W144955540 date "1981-05-01" @default.
- W144955540 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
- W144955540 title "Needs Assessment and Holistic Planning." @default.
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