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- W145220237 abstract "Microalloys such as niobium are introduced into the line pipe steel composition to improve the strength and low-temperature notch toughness of the steel. In the submerged arc welding of these steels, because of the high dilution (65 to 70% is typical), a considerable amount of niobium enters the weld metal which may degrade the weld metal notch toughness unless countervailing steps are taken. In this study, the effect of flux basicity, electrode chemistry and heat input on the microstructure and notch toughness of resulting welds is examined. Results indicate that in order to achieve high notch toughness of seam welds in niobium bearing steels, the flux should be basic (to limit oxygen level in weld metal) and alloying elements such as nickel and molybdenum should be added to the weld metal to suppress proeutectoid ferrite and promote acicular ferrite. But in practical applications, such as in spiral welding, which demand the use of a fast freezing slag composition and hence an acidic flux, it was found necessary to have a microstructure with sufficient proeutectoid ferrite to obtain adequate toughness. With acidic fluxes, introduction of alloying elements into weld metal to favor acicular ferrite resulted in a deterioration of notch toughness because of high inclusion content (high oxygen level) which would act as crack initiation sites in a harder matrix associated with acicular ferritic structure. A sufficient amount of proeutectoid ferrite, due to its' ductility, can accommodate the imposed strains and avoid premature failure during fracture tests. High heat input obtained primarily by increasing the voltage was found to reduce the notch toughness of welds drastically. Higher voltage increased the oxygen content, increased the elemental pick up (particularly Si), increased the hardness of microstructure and produced a coarser microstructure. All these factors together were considered responsible for the drastic reduction in notch toughness when using high arc voltage." @default.
- W145220237 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W145220237 date "1980-01-01" @default.
- W145220237 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
- W145220237 title "Recent Developments in Welding Materials for High Performance Arctic Grade Line Pipe Production" @default.
- W145220237 cites W78173699 @default.
- W145220237 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-025368-8.50016-6" @default.
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