FRINK Linked Data Fragments server

Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W145701981> ?p ?o ?g. }

• W145701981 abstract "[Extract] The earth is about 12,500 km in diameter. All geotechnical activities including underground excavations, tunneling, etc. are limited to the upper part of the crust, which consists primarily of oxygen (49.2%), silicon (25.7%), aluminum (7.5%), and other elements such as iron, calcium, sodium, potassium, and magnesium. These are present mostly in the form of aluminium silicates. All clay minerals are made primarily of two distinct structural units, namely tetrahedrons and octahedrons, which contain silicon and aluminum ions, respectively, at the center of the units. Several of these units can form tetrahedral or octahedral sheets that can be stacked on each other, forming different clay minerals. Clay particles are colloidal, where surface forces have greater influence than the body forces, less than 2 μm in size, and have net negative charges. They look like flakes or needles under a microscope. Depending on their charge imbalance, mineralogy, and pore fluid characteristics, they can form a flocculated (random) or dispersed (oriented) matrix, which can influence their fundamental behavior. Kaolinite, montmorillonite, and illite are three of the most common clay minerals. Other clay minerals include chlorite, attapulgite, halloysite, and vermiculite. Montmorillonites have thelargest cation exchange capacity and specific surface (surface area per unit mass) and can swell significantly in the presence of water, thus posing a serious threat to the structural integrity of buildings and roads due to intermittent swelling and shrinking. Montmorillonitic clays are known as expansive or reactive clays and cause millions of dollars worth of damage every year worldwide.Soils are primarily of two types: residual or transported. Residual soils are formed by disintegration of the parent rock. Depending on the geologic process by which the parent rock is formed, it is called igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic. Igneous rocks (e.g., granite) are formed by cooling of lava. Sedimentary rocks (e.g., limestone, shale) are formed by gradual deposition of fine particles over long periods. Metamorphic rocks (e.g., marble) are formed by altering igneous or sedimentary rocks by pressure or temperature.Transported soils are soils that are transported by glacier, wind, water, or gravity and deposited away from their geological origin. Depending on whether they are transported by wind, sea, lake, river, ice, or gravity, the soils are called aeolian, marine, lacustrine, alluvial, glacial, or colluvial, respectively. Some special terms used to describe certain soils are:• Boulder clay—Unstratified mixture of clay and rock fragments of all sizes• Calcareous soil—Soil that contains calcium carbonate• Conglomerate—Cemented sand and gravel• Dispersive clay—A clay that is easily erodible under low-velocity water• Fat clay—Highly plastic clay• Hardpan—Very dense soil layer, often cemented, that is difficult to excavate• Loam—Mixture of sand, silt, and clay used as topsoil• Loess—Uniform silt-sized wind-blown deposits• Laterite—Red-colored residual soil in the tropics• Reactive clay—Expansive clay that swells when in contact with water• Varved clay—Thin alternating layers of silts and fat clays of glacial origin" @default.
• W145701981 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W145701981 creator A5003554291 @default.
• W145701981 date "2011-01-01" @default.
• W145701981 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W145701981 title "Engineering properties of soil" @default.
• W145701981 hasPublicationYear "2011" @default.
• W145701981 type Work @default.
• W145701981 sameAs 145701981 @default.
• W145701981 citedByCount "0" @default.
• W145701981 crossrefType "book-chapter" @default.
• W145701981 hasAuthorship W145701981A5003554291 @default.
• W145701981 hasConcept C1121360 @default.
• W145701981 hasConcept C127313418 @default.
• W145701981 hasConcept C159390177 @default.
• W145701981 hasConcept C159750122 @default.
• W145701981 hasConcept C159985019 @default.
• W145701981 hasConcept C192562407 @default.
• W145701981 hasConcept C199289684 @default.
• W145701981 hasConcept C2777135253 @default.
• W145701981 hasConcept C2777515222 @default.
• W145701981 hasConcept C2777844515 @default.
• W145701981 hasConcept C2779429093 @default.
• W145701981 hasConcept C2779870107 @default.
• W145701981 hasConcept C2779899878 @default.
• W145701981 hasConcept C2780884618 @default.
• W145701981 hasConcept C40212044 @default.
• W145701981 hasConceptScore W145701981C1121360 @default.
• W145701981 hasConceptScore W145701981C127313418 @default.
• W145701981 hasConceptScore W145701981C159390177 @default.
• W145701981 hasConceptScore W145701981C159750122 @default.
• W145701981 hasConceptScore W145701981C159985019 @default.
• W145701981 hasConceptScore W145701981C192562407 @default.
• W145701981 hasConceptScore W145701981C199289684 @default.
• W145701981 hasConceptScore W145701981C2777135253 @default.
• W145701981 hasConceptScore W145701981C2777515222 @default.
• W145701981 hasConceptScore W145701981C2777844515 @default.
• W145701981 hasConceptScore W145701981C2779429093 @default.
• W145701981 hasConceptScore W145701981C2779870107 @default.
• W145701981 hasConceptScore W145701981C2779899878 @default.
• W145701981 hasConceptScore W145701981C2780884618 @default.
• W145701981 hasConceptScore W145701981C40212044 @default.
• W145701981 hasLocation W1457019811 @default.
• W145701981 hasOpenAccess W145701981 @default.
• W145701981 hasPrimaryLocation W1457019811 @default.
• W145701981 hasRelatedWork W1558987999 @default.
• W145701981 hasRelatedWork W1643781330 @default.
• W145701981 hasRelatedWork W1861377117 @default.
• W145701981 hasRelatedWork W1982731723 @default.
• W145701981 hasRelatedWork W2008198743 @default.
• W145701981 hasRelatedWork W2020367077 @default.
• W145701981 hasRelatedWork W2029062261 @default.
• W145701981 hasRelatedWork W2032271062 @default.
• W145701981 hasRelatedWork W2061548932 @default.
• W145701981 hasRelatedWork W2064727515 @default.
• W145701981 hasRelatedWork W2068990860 @default.
• W145701981 hasRelatedWork W2089882299 @default.
• W145701981 hasRelatedWork W2155749062 @default.
• W145701981 hasRelatedWork W2182101277 @default.
• W145701981 hasRelatedWork W2234523502 @default.
• W145701981 hasRelatedWork W2328534950 @default.
• W145701981 hasRelatedWork W2364982288 @default.
• W145701981 hasRelatedWork W25797089 @default.
• W145701981 hasRelatedWork W26609421 @default.
• W145701981 hasRelatedWork W780530808 @default.
• W145701981 isParatext "false" @default.
• W145701981 isRetracted "false" @default.
• W145701981 magId "145701981" @default.
• W145701981 workType "book-chapter" @default.