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• W145807843 abstract "In addition to writing Wilfred Owen's persona and poems into her novel, Barker reworks two of his poems without identifying her source. Though these narrative strategies rely on Owen's eyewitness perspective and canonical status, Barker's revisions destabilize authority of direct experience by emphasizing accessibility of text. Pat Barker narrates First World War events, both historical and fictional, more than seven decades after conflict's conclusion. Consequently, she relies on a variety of interdisciplinary sources and intertexts, including poetry, histories, and literary criticism. For contemporary writers and readers trying to understand First World War, access to past is inevitably textual; thus, a recreation like Barker's is almost necessarily intertextual. This essay explores how Barker's use of Wilfred Owen's poetry simultaneously reinforces and challenges authority of his combatant perspective. Although Owen published only a few poems before his death, posthumous publication has made him pre-eminent among British First World War poets. Representations of First World War--including literary anthologies, histories, public remembrance, and other forms of cultural production--often depend on Owen's textual artifacts, and Barker's Regeneration trilogy is no exception. Because trilogy's first novel, Regeneration, deals primarily with relationship between Siegfried Sassoon and W.H.R. Rivers, Owen is in some ways a peripheral character in novel; nevertheless, his role in Regeneration is central to Barker's treatment of First World War. Specifically, Barker revises Owen's poems in order to incorporate his eyewitness perspective into her retrospective narration. In addition to including Owen as a character and recreating revisions he did with Sassoon, Barker rewrites Owen's poems without identifying him as her source. By downplaying her reliance on Owen and revising his verse, Barker uses subtle to destabilize eyewitness privilege and emphasize narration's accessibility. Beyond intertextual nature of novel's basic premise, there is a great deal of obvious in Regeneration, such as inclusion of Sassoon's 1917 protest against war, A Soldier's Declaration, as novel's opening passage. In describing Barker's trilogy as a tour-de-force of well-researched intertextuality (Brown 188), Dennis Brown references Linda Hutcheon's statement that we can only know past through discourses, through its and other traces (Hutcheon 36). I agree with Brown's view that historical texts vital to Barker's treatment of her central themes: war, memory, history, injury, and healing. Further, I would note that, by acknowledging her use of war poetry, biography, historical events, and medical documents, Barker recognizes what Hutcheon calls the inevitable textuality of contemporary approaches to history (127). Those of us who cannot remember First World War--a category that includes Barker and, presumably, nearly all of her readers--must access history through texts it has produced. Sharon Monteith points out that Regeneration's publication coincided with increased cultural focus on remembering First World War as its veterans succumbed to old age (4). Though Monteith specifically mentions veterans, I think we should also be concerned about loss of civilians who remember war. The disappearance of collective First World War memory makes us increasingly reliant on history's textuality. For Barker, it should be noted, such textual dependence is an opportunity rather than a limitation. Indeed, Alistair Duckworth argues that Regeneration's most powerful representations based on Barker's use of attested facts that are already aesthetically shaped (67) in other texts. Barker identifies W.H.R. Rivers, Jon Stallworthy, Eric Leed, and Elaine Showalter as sources for Regeneration (Regeneration 251-52), and Duckworth posits Robert Graves's Goodbye to All That and Edmund Blunden's Undertones of War as other sites of Barker's possible borrowings (63). …" @default.
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• W145807843 date "2009-09-01" @default.
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• W145807843 title "Regenerating Wilfred Owen: Pat Barker's Revisions" @default.
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