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- W147313678 abstract "The Yellow-eyed Penguin Megadyptes antipodes is found only in the New Zealand region and is one of the world’s rarest penguin species, with a total population of about 1400– 2100 pairs (Marchant & Higgins 1990, Moore 1992). During the 1980s and early 1990s there were several decreases in numbers of birds nesting on the South Island, followed by (at least partial) recoveries. Numbers of nests fluctuated between an estimated 600 in 1985 (Darby & Seddon 1990) and 320 in 1989 (Marchant & Higgins 1990). In early 1990 about 150 adults died mysteriously around Otago Peninsula (Gill & Darby 1993), and large numbers of orphaned chicks were reared in captivity and then released. Although this event may have been caused or exacerbated by avian malaria (Graczik et al. 1995) or toxins (Gill & Darby 1993), other years of poor survival of adults or chicks were believed to have been caused by food supply changes or shortages (Richdale 1957, van Heezik & Davis 1990, van Heezik 1990). These were probably driven by La Nina/warm water events which were detrimental to the Yellow-eyed Penguin food chain (Moore & Wakelin 1997). There was concern that the frequency of these poor seasons was increasing during the 1980s (van Heezik 1990), and that the Yellow-eyed Penguin had become endangered on the South Island (Marchant & Higgins 1990). During the die-off of adult penguins in 1990, it was clear that little was known about how Yellow-eyed Penguins were interacting with the marine environment. Most of our insight came from a study of diet during the mid-1980s which suggested that Yellow-eyed Penguins foraged over the continental shelf, mainly in the upper part of the water column (but also at the sea floor), for a limited number of key prey (van Heezik 1990). Changes in diet composition were thought to influence breeding success (van Heezik 1990). A study of dive depth, using capillary tubes, suggested that because the majority of dives were 30–40 m deep, the foraging range would be 7–13 km offshore from Boulder Beach (Seddon & van Heezik 1990). However, this was based on a misinterpretation of the fathom scale of a bathymetry map (Brodie 1967) as metres (Fig. 1 in Seddon & van Heezik 1990), whereas the 30–40 m isobaths lie 1.5–2 km offshore (Carter 1986)." @default.
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- W147313678 date "1999-10-15" @default.
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- W147313678 title "FORAGING RANGE OF THE YELLOW-EYED PENGUIN MEGADYPTES ANTIPODES" @default.
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