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• W147379592 abstract "nResearch efforts over the last ten years at the Julius Kruttschnitt Mineral Research Centren(JKMRC) as part of the Australian Minerals Industry Research Association (AMIRA) P9nResearch Project have resulted in the development of a new flotation model that takes intonaccount the fact that froth flotation consists of two phases, the pulp phase and the froth phase,nwith both contributing to the overall recovery of mineral species. It also distinguishes betweennthe recovery of a particle by true flotation (genuine flotation) and entrainment:nn n Ri,j= (Pi,jSbtRfi)(1-Rw)+ENTiRw / (1+Pi,jSbt Rfi)(1-Rw)+ENTiRwnn wheren n Ri,j is the overall recovery for a given size (i)-liberation class (j)n Pi,j is the floatability of a mineral particle for a given size (i)-liberation class (j)n Sb is the bubble surface area flux (measure of the bubble surface area rising upnthrough the flotation cell per unit cross-sectional area per unit time)n t is the cell residence timen Rfi is the froth recovery of a mineral particle in size class i (fraction of particlesnattached to bubbles entering the froth phase that are collected in the concentratenlaunder)n ENTi represents the degree of entrainment of tracer calculated in size class in Rw is the recovery of waternnnnn n In this model, the floatability (P) of mineral particles is a lumped parameter, which incorporatesnthe mineralogical and textural characteristics of the ore as well as the pulp chemistry. P is notnamenable to any direct measuring procedure and arises as a result of complex interactionsnbetween the physical characteristics of a mineral particle (particle size, liberation) and thenphysical and chemical environment in which it is treated (reagent coverage, oxidation, ions innsolution, etc). To date, no one in the literature has demonstrated a means of predicting thenfloatability of mineral particles from the properties of the feed stream such as particle size andnliberation for a given chemical environment. Consequently, the current P9 flotation model hasnno capability to simulate the effect of re-grinding and/or staged reagent addition (e.g. collector)nin flotation circuits. When one considers that most industrial flotation circuits include regrindingnand/or staged reagent addition, this constitutes a serious limitation.nnnnnnn n Hence, the aim of this thesis is to decouple P as a function of particle size, collector coveragen(or density of adsorption of collector) and liberation and, subsequently, investigate whethernthese three variables can account for or describe the floatability of mineral particles. Ifnpatterns can be found, other researchers can extend the work and build a sound predictive modelnfor the floatability of mineral particles (P). A secondary objective of this thesis is to study theneffect of collector dosage (surface coverage of collector) and froth depth on the froth recoverynof attached galena particles on an unsized and size-by-size basis. This research is aimed atnimproving the understanding of the influence and the mechanisms operating in the froth phasenon flotation kinetics.nnnnnnn n A high-grade silver-lead-zinc ore from BHP Billiton's Cannington Mine, which exhibitsnrelatively simple mineralogical and textural characteristics, was chosen for the research. Annovel flotation rig, operated continuously, was designed and built for carrying out the flotationnexperiments. A unique characteristic of the rig is a 9.1-L conditioning vessel with a mixingnregime close to plug-flow, avoiding complications such as different collector coverages fornsimilar sized particles.nnnnnnnn n Using this rig, highly controlled flotation tests were conducted at three froth depths and fivencollector dosages, together with cell characterization measurements (i.e. bubble size, residencentime, air hold-up) to fully characterise the floatability of galena particles in the ore on annunsized, size-by-size and size-by-liberation basis. State-of-the-art solution and surfacenanalytical techniques i.e., High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Time ofnFlight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) were used to study the adsorption ofncollector onto galena particles. Detailed mineralogical and liberation analyses were performednwith the ore using the JKMRC/FEl mineral liberation analyser (MLA) on 81 polished sectionsn(600 000 mineral particles) of different size intervals for selected streams of the flotation tests.nnnnnnn n Experimental and computational methodologies were developed for estimating the floatabilitynof mineral particles (P) in ores accounting for entrainment and the froth phase (i.e. frothnrecovery) on an unsized, size-by-size and size-by-liberation basis.nnnnnnn n This investigation showed a linear relationship between collector dosage and surface coveragenof galena in the concentrate. As collector dosage was varied from zero to 53 g/tonne of ore,nboth the value of P for attached galena particles in the pulp phase and the surface coverage ofncollector increased, not reaching a plateau. Ultimate flotation recovery of attached galenanparticles of approximately 80% was achieved with sub-mono layer coverage.nnnnn n No single collector coverage produced good floatability (P) for all size intervals: almost 5 timesnmore surface coverage is required for the coarsest size galena particles (+ 150mm) to achieventhe same level of floatability (P) as intermediate size galena particles (-75 + 38 mm). Increasingnthe collector coverage had a small effect on P of the finest size galena particles (-10 mm).nnnnnnn n To the question of whether there is selectivity or not in the froth phase, the best answer seems tonbe Yes and No depending on the specificities of the flotation system under investigation. On ansize-by-size basis, the results would appear to indicate that the froth recovery of attached galenanparticles is strongly dependent on the degree of hydrophobicity expressed as surface coveragenof collector and possibly, degree of liberation (i.e. particle composition). This suggests thatnselective drop-back (i.e. detachment and drainage) may occur in the froth phase, and lessnhydrophobic particles (e.g. coarse particles that are fully liberated and/or in low grade or leanncomposites) with low surface coverages of collector are likely to be rejected first. Thisncontradicts the findings of previous researchers; and more research in this area is recommended.nnnnnnnnnn n For a given chemical environment, floatability was found to be strongly influenced by particlensize and liberation (or composition of galena in particles). Particle size and liberation effectsninteract and both seem to be equally important in the mineral system investigated. The coarser,nvery well liberated galena particles seem to be the class of particles that is the most affected bynan increase in collector coverage (or particle hydrophobicity). The finest size class of galenanparticles investigated in detail (- 20 + 10 mm) seems to be the class of particles that is the leastnaffected by an increase in collector coverage irrespective of the degree of liberation. For angiven chemical environment (or collector coverage), the coarsest, worst (i.e. most poorly)nliberated galena particles exhibited the lowest floatability.nnnnnnn n Values of k and P of attached galena particles were found to correlate well and the patternsnfound for k were used to infer the effect of particle size, collector coverage and liberation on thenfloatability of the feed ore. The best correlations between k and P for attached galena particlesnwere obtained at the shallowest froth depth as expected.nnnnnnnn n The results of this investigation indicate that particle size, collector coverage (or density ofnadsorption of collector) and liberation provide a suitable framework to build anphenomenological model for flotation. However, the results also demonstrate that, at fixednparticle size, liberation and chemical environment, the floatability of particles is stronglyninfluenced by the balance between hydrophobic and weakly hydrophobic active sites in thenparticles. The inclusion of chemistry in a flotation model will certainly be the hardest and lastnobstacle to be overcome." @default.
• W147379592 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W147379592 creator A5063132027 @default.
• W147379592 date "2023-10-17" @default.
• W147379592 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
• W147379592 title "The effect of particle size collector coverage and liberation on the floatability of galena particles in an ore" @default.
• W147379592 doi "https://doi.org/10.14264/106858" @default.
• W147379592 hasPublicationYear "2023" @default.
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