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• W1475600680 abstract "In a country where 93.4% of the forest land is privately owned and often fragmented in small scale holdings, one of the major recent structural changes has been the emergence of forest owners’ organizations during the 90’s. For the most part, their start up was not directly supported by a specific forest policy, even though it was related to changes in this policy and benefited from public incentives. It is an intriguing issue why, for so long, Portuguese forest policy has not given appropriate attention to small scale private forestry, especially through adequate support to the start up and development of forest owners’ organizations. The first part of this paper proposes some explanatory hypotheses for this fact. The second part deals with the challenges these organizations are currently facing, in a situation where some policy reforms are undertaken in response to the magnitude forest fires, especially since 2003. One of these reforms was the creation of a Forest Fund financed by part of the tax on fuels. This fund could have been a very important source of support for these infant organizations, paying for the public goods they are aimed to provide. Some of the money coming from this fund is going is this direction. However, this is done in the absence of appropriate mechanisms to cope with inefficiencies in its uses. Also a substantial part of the Fund is deviated to the municipalites also in ways that may conflict with the development of the collective organization of forest owners. If appropriate measures are not taken to cope with these problems this associative movement may be at risk. 1. HIGH SALIENCY OF PRIVATE FORESTRY IN REALITY, BUT NOT IN FOREST POLICY Portugal is one of the countries in the world with the highest share of private ownership in total area of forest land: 93.4% in 1995. Communal forests represent 5.4% and State owned forests only 1.2%. As data in Table 1 show, this is not a recent phenomenon. The situation was already like this at the end of the first quarter of the XXth century. Even though we cannot find quantitative data for an earlier period, the reality was probably the same in the XIXth century when the Forest Services were created. 289 Small-scale forestry and rural development: The intersection of ecosystems, economics and society Forest Owners’ Organizations in Portugal: Are the infant going to survive? Americo M. S. Carvalho Mendes1 1 Faculty of Economics and Management, Portuguese Catholic University, Rua Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto – Portugal. Email: amendes@porto.ucp.pt TABLE 1: Distribution of the area of forests and other wooded land by types of ownership (ha) Types of owners 1928 1959 1974/82 1995 Area % Area % Area % Area % State forests 53662 2,3 58000 2,0 78000 2,6 40000 1,2 Communal forests 55954 2,4 145000 5,0 380000 12,4 180000 5,4 Private forests 2221824 95,3 2697000 93," @default.
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• W1475600680 date "2006-01-01" @default.
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• W1475600680 title "Forest owners' organizations in Portugal: are the infant going to survive?" @default.
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