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- W147863053 abstract "Positive cytokine feedback loops that amplify cellular responses are normally opposed by negative circuits that attempt to re-establish homeostasis. For instance, the natural IL-1 antagonist, IL-1ra, is produced in vivo in response to endotoxin exposure in humans and it probably serves to modulate the devastating effects of septic shock. These negative feedback systems also appear to operate in RA in an attempt to re-establish synovial homeostasis. Defective or inadequate production of these factors could contribute to the perpetuation of chronic synovitis. This chapter reviews some of these naturally occurring cytokine inhibitors with an emphasis on cytokines known to be important in synovitis. The rheumatoid synovial membrane and synovial fluid are teeming with pro- and anti-inflammatory factors. However, local differences in the agonist–antagonist ratios might vary depending on the cellular composition of each compartment. The net result is an environment in which cell proliferation and activation are very much blunted. This might account for defective synovial fluid T-cell function, including decreased proliferation and cytokine production. Despite abundant evidence of very effective cytokine antagonists in the joint, it is clear that amounts of the inhibitors are insufficient to counteract pro-inflammatory factors." @default.
- W147863053 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W147863053 creator A5024908446 @default.
- W147863053 date "1995-01-01" @default.
- W147863053 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W147863053 title "Naturally Occurring Cytokine Inhibitors in Rheumatoid Arthritis" @default.
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