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• W1479852079 abstract "Cognitive Surplus: Creativity and Generosity in a Connected Age. Clay Shirky. New York, NY: Penguin, 2010. 242 pages, $25.95 pbk. It sometimes seems that hardest thing to do in Information Age to communicate. In rush of easily accessible data and maelstrom of conflicting viewpoints, otherwise intelligent people can talk past one another as they stake out territory with tenacity of computer viruses. NYU professor Clay Shirky and media critic Nicholas Carr have been squaring off now for years over what impact Internet having on our society. Shirky takes more optimistic viewpoint, Carr more pessimistic. Carr threw down gauntlet with his 2008 Atlantic cover article Is Google Making Us Stoopid? and has continued debate with his recent book The Shallows. Shirky provides a response in Cognitive Surplus, but criticizes skeptics like Carr only obliquely. Shirky says their main frustration with profusion of choice: Scarcity, he says, is easier to deal with than abundance. But this book doesn't dwell much on naysayers. Instead, it frames subject of Internet with a bold and startling vision about its potential. Imagine, he says, treating free time of world's educated citizenry as an aggregate, a kind of surplus. We've not always used that surplus wisely. Shirky's case in point television, and how it has come to dominate our culture. Over much of planet, Shirky writes, the three most common activities are . . . work, sleep, and watching TV. Like gin in early-eighteenth-century London, twentieth-century television one of those social habits that critics have denounced and tried hard to minimize, but without success. There are signs now, however, that TV viewing - still thoroughly popular - isn't quite juggernaut it used to be. Young people are increasingly turning to Internet; and Web, it turns out, allows humans to do things they can't do with other media - namely, create, produce, and connect. Instead of devoting twenty passive hours a week to tube (the international average), people now use a medium that lets them make and share things. That may seem trivial, considering amount of silly, offensive, or deceptive fare on Web, but think of it this way: Which do you think contains more enduring cultural, intellectual, and societal value - posting comments on a blog or watching Gitligan's Island! The Internet no utopia, but neither are older media. In fact, some of them may be a good deal less salutary. Take, for example, online fantasy game World of Warcraft. As Shirky puts it in a tart retort: However pathetic you may think it to sit in your basement pretending to be an elf, I can tell you from personal experience: it's worse to sit in your basement trying to decide whether Ginger or Mary Ann cuter. There's a wide variety of content on Internet, of course - widest in any medium - and largest number of producers of content: a colossal and revolutionary force. The million hours of cumulative thought it took to produce Wikipedia one example of Shirky's cognitive surplus, and while it still pales before two hundred billion hours of TV every year, you can readily see potential. …" @default.
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