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• W1480584004 abstract "Melanoma is a malignant tumor that results from DNA damage and related mutations in melanocytes (Rass & Reichrath, 2008). It usually occurs in result of collision of ultraviolet (UV) photon with a chromophore in a skin cell, production of reactive oxygen species which attack the melanocytes and induce oxidative stress with the DNA damage by oxidation. Conceptually, oxidative stress results from a change in the equilibrium between production of pro-oxidant and their consumption or deactivation, favoring an excess of pro-oxidant that have noxious consequences at the molecular and cellular levels (Ananthaswamy & Pierceall, 1990). There are several mechanisms and barriers that protect the body against ultraviolet radiation: the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the skin, and melanin pigment attenuate penetration of UV into the skin; antioxidative enzymes detoxify and metabolize reactive oxygen species; DNA repair systems protect cells from UV-induced lesions (Hoeijmakers, 2001). The cellular antioxidant defense relies to the great extent on a powerful sulfur redox chemistry response in which glutathione S-transferases are active players. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) comprise a multigene superfamily of enzymes that catalyze the conjugation of electrophilic toxic compounds with glutathione, playing a key role in phase II of detoxification (Hayes et al., 2005). GSTs are dimeric enzymes with subunit polypeptides organized into several cytosolic families (α, μ, π, σ, θ, ζ, ω) and one microsomal form (κ) (Frova, 2006). The human Pi class isoform of GSTs (GSTP1-1) is widely expressed in epithelial tissues and is the dominant isoform in lung, brain, skin, esophagus, erythrocytes and also in fetal tissues including liver, lung, kidney, and placenta (Moscow et al., 1989). This isoform has been proposed to be a caretaker gene, protecting cells against genome damage mediated by oxidants and electrophiles from inflammation or environmental exposure. Besides its typical role in detoxification of electrophilic toxic compounds this enzyme carries out a wide range of other functions, such as removal of reactive oxygen species and generation of S-thiolated proteins during the oxidative stress (Hayes & Strange, 1995), binding and transfer of different ligands (Oakley et al., 1999), modulation of signaling pathways (Adler et al., 1999; Villafania et al., 2000; Wu et al., 2006; Zhao et al., 2006)," @default.
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• W1480584004 date "2011-06-30" @default.
• W1480584004 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W1480584004 title "Regulation of the Glutathione S-Transferase P1 Expression in Melanoma Cells" @default.
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• W1480584004 doi "https://doi.org/10.5772/18747" @default.
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