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• W1480625379 abstract "On 12 December 1848, Nicholas Browne, American consul in Rome, wrote a long dispatch to secretary of state James Buchanan in which he reported on recent political events in Italy, from progressive reforms that had been implemented throughout peninsula since election of liberal pope Pius IX, to Austria's increasing opposition to liberalization of Italian politics, and popular demonstrations which had taken place in several states to force Italy's sovereigns to join cause of national independence. At time of Browne's letter, Romans had expressed their dissatisfaction with Pius IX's reticence to engage in a war against Austria by attacking his residence at Quirinal, upon which pope had fled from Rome and left city in hands of people. The American consul introduced his narration of these incidents with a long passage on significance for United States of Italians' struggle to free their country from its colonial bond to Austrian empire and replace local absolute monarchies with more liberal forms of government. According to Browne, such social upheavals had repercussions on economic and commercial policies of foreign countries that United States, as a nation with an immense productive surplus in need of a market, could not ignore. In his words, seems almost superfluous to show that European politics, more especially as connected with progress of old world, in its commercial & manufacturing relations, not only cannot be indifferent to enlightened Government of our but must, on contrary, from year to year, increasingly occupy their attention. Browne advocated an active supervision of Italian politics on part of Washington, and his words suggest that he considered such supervision both a means to an end--securing outlets for American exports--and an end in itself--the affirmation of United States' power on European political scene. As he put it, the United States, called by exact extent & boundless fertility of her territory, illimitable increase of her population, her numberless resources of every kind, & immense facilities afforded by Fulton's great invention [the steamboat], to far higher destinies, [must] become, 'ere long, for her own sake, an actively mediating, if not controlling power, in all that regards European Although statement that follows this call for American interposition in foreign political events--Far be it from me to recommend, in remotest degree, any deviation from wise policy of political nonintervention, so happily decided upon, & so judiciously persevered in by our Government--is a disclaimer, it is belied by assertions to contrary that surround it. In fact, Browne's closing words offer a moral justification for intervention. It was because of bright example of our country, he wrote, shewing as a great beacon light to world, sure road to wealth, to greatness, & to happiness,(1) that people of Italy had risen against their sovereigns, and Americans could not but feel responsible for outcome of revolutions they had inspired. Accordingly, Browne, dressed in his official uniform and acting as representative of United States, expressed American support for popular government of Rome by accompanying newly elected constituent assembly in their solemn procession through Rome. Incidentally, as Brown himself informed Washington in a later dispatch, one of assembly's first decisions was to reduce duties imposed on foreign imports. Browne's observations on connection of political progress in Italy with commercial interests of United States are not an isolated instance, nor is his vision of rising power of United States on European continent. In fact, I argue in this essay that considerations of commercial expansion and political prestige permeate much of mid-nineteenth-century American commentary on Italy's political liberalization. …" @default.
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• W1480625379 date "2001-02-01" @default.
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• W1480625379 title "Imperial Designs of Political Philanthropy: A Study of Antebellum Accounts of Italian Liberalism" @default.
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