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- W148163276 abstract "By using the flux-balance approach, the rates of deposition of major elements, including H+, S, and N, and the effects on ion cycling in the canopy and mineral soil were obtained in two mature forest stands of the north German Soiling region. Both stands are heavily impacted by acid precipitation, the spruce (Picea abies Karst.) stand receiving about twice the rate of acidity as the beech (Fagus silvatica L.) stand. The deposition of protons results in increased cation leaching from the leaves and needles with subsequent acidification of the rhizosphere. In both sites the mineralization of aboveground litter was significantly inhibited, and the amount of organic matter in the top layer almost doubled during the period of investigation. The organic top layer appears to be the major sink for deposited N. The Ca/Al and Mg/Al ratios of the soil solution have decreased in both stands to levels posing high risk of Al toxicity to tree roots. According to input-output budgets of the mineral soil sources of ions are obvious in the case of most major nutrients. In spruce the behavior of sulfate in the mineral soil changed from accumulation to release over the study period. Proton budgets reveal that the most important part of the acid load of the mineral soil stems from the deposition of strong acids. The prevailing buffer mechanism is the release of Al ions from hydroxides, sulfates, and exchangeable sites into the soil solution. The transfer of Al ions by seepage water to deeper soil layers results in a high acid load of those layers. Soil analysis showed deep-reaching acidification and emphasize the risk of groundwater and surface water acidification. The long-term effects of acid deposition on soil chemistry are superimposed by seasonal acidification phases resulting from natural excess nitrification under favorable climatic conditions. In acid soils these acidification phases cause pH reductions and additional Al releases." @default.
- W148163276 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W148163276 creator A5078175749 @default.
- W148163276 date "1989-01-01" @default.
- W148163276 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W148163276 title "Acidic Precipitation: Case Study Soiling" @default.
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- W148163276 doi "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3616-0_2" @default.
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