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• W1482166048 abstract "Grains from Grass: Aging, Gender, and Famine in Rural Africa. By Lisa Cliggett. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2005. Pp. xvii, 193. $54.95/£28.95 cloth, $19.95/£10.50 paper. There is an oft repeated Chibemba proverb originating from northern Zambia that states, Mayo mpapa, naine nkakupapa (Mother carry me, and will carry you). Such a saying implies one of the dearest and most enduring stereotypes nurtured as truism across Africa. So an elder Gwembe Tonga woman stresses to her son, I carried you on my back and fed you from my breast (p. 161), she intends to compel assistance for a deserving matron from indebted progeny. Daily concerns set in rural households, however, are seldom moved by this myth of assured eldercare. Lisa Cliggett shows that although talk of old age security in Africa, and elsewhere in the non-Western world, may preach easy transition for retirees into a relaxing and reliable relationship of seniority vis-a-vis younger relations, it is rarely achieved without active coercion by the elder. Eldercare, Cliggett argues, requires strategic, gender-specific manipulation of family members and neighbors by the potential recipients themselves who must creatively employ social, spatial, and spiritual resources in order to cobble together necessities for emotional and corporeal subsistence. The grains of grass that serve as the title of this work also comprise one of the last options available to a starving Gwembe Tonga elder. Although this survival strategy is its header, the majority of the book's content discusses the methods older members of rural communities in Gwembe, southern Zambia, draw upon to ensure they do not reach such a harrowing circumstance; a condition so bad that it elicits dire resignations, like one uttered by a villager in reference to an old woman scraping a living nearby her similarly aged brother, when you live like that, it is just better to be dead (p. 110). Lisa Cliggett is a professor of anthropology who has logged fieldwork with impressive consistency over the past decade. In addition to her work on the lives and strategies of elders in Gwembe she has studied in eastern Zambia, taught field school for graduate students, and joined Elizabeth Colson and Thayer Scudder's renowned Gwembe Tonga Research Project. The last is the academic institution that has conducted household surveys and other research since before many Gwembe Valley Tongas were relocated in the mid-1950s ahead of the rising waters of the Kariba Dam. Cliggett therefore writes as inheritor and torchbearer of nearly sixty years of continuous investigation of intergenerational collaboration. She makes clear the importance of recognizing and articulating such intellectual ancestry in Chapter 2, arguing that theory, data collection, and lived experience interact unavoidably and necessarily. Chapter 3 exhibits such intermingling. The work finds theoretical anchor in Michael Watts and Hans Bohle's1 framework of vulnerability, which maintains that is fundamentally relational ... and hence the space and shape of vulnerability is given by its social (p. 50). Hardship can therefore be reasonably predicted by analysis of a group or region's economic capacity (entitlement); social and cultural avenues and inhibitions (empowerment); and power and class relations (political economy) that affect access and procurement of food and other essential resources. …" @default.
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• W1482166048 title "Grains from Grass: Aging, Gender, and Famine in Rural Africa" @default.
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