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• W1483661291 abstract "Urban forests are popular recreation areas in Europe. At the same time, theseforests are important habitats for plants and animals and often harbour a highbiodiversity. Recreational activities, for example picnicking and grilling and inparticular the creation and usage of fire rings outside official picnic sites (wild firerings), can cause extensive damage to soil and vegetation. Firewood collectiondepletes woody debris, leading to a loss of habitat for specialized organisms.Economical consequences of forest recreation include maintenance costs ofrecreational infrastructure and diminishing revenues due to visitor-related damageto trees and subsequent reduction in timber quality.In the present thesis I examined the effects of fire place use on the forestsoil, including soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity, ground vegetation,shrubs, trees and amount of woody debris. In addition, the reduction in timbervalue resulting from recreational damage to trees was estimated. In order todevelop and implement measures, it is important to find out why forest visitorscreate and use wild fire rings instead of official picnic sites. Therefore, Iconducted a forest visitor survey focusing on visitor preferences concerning fireplaces. An experiment was conducted with four new fire places designed to fulfilforest visitors' requirements, and a follow-up survey documented visitors'reactions. A survey aimed at forestry experts in the whole of Switzerland providedvaluable information on foresters' perceptions concerning the consequences ofpicnicking and grilling and forest recreation in general.At frequently used fire places we found reduced plant species densities inthe ground vegetation and shrub layer and changes in plant species composition.Picnicking and grilling also reduced the height and changed the age structure ofshrubs and young trees. The amount of woody debris was lower in disturbed plotsthan in control plots.Soil microbial biomass (Cmic and Nmic) and dehydrogenase activity weredifferently affected by short- and long-term trampling. In a short-term experiment,these soil characteristics decreased at low and medium, but not at high tramplingfrequencies. In contrast, the same soil characteristics decreased with increasingtrampling intensity in a long-term field survey at fire places that had been in use formore than a decade. The activity of β-glucosidase was only affected by short-termtrampling. Phosphomonoesterase activity was most severely affected by long-termtrampling, most probably as a result of the loss of plants.The reduction in timber value due to visitor-related damage to trees rangedfrom 19 to 53 € per hectare and year in two suburban forests. Total recreationinducedcosts, i.e. additional expenses and reductions in timber value exceeded10% of the total annual expenditures of the two forest enterprises examined.The forest visitor survey revealed a preference for fire places near streams,away from forest roads and close to open spaces. While some visitors highlyappreciated the well-equipped official sites, others preferred more naturalinfrastructure with pieces of stones forming a fire ring rather than concrete rims,and logs to sit on instead of benches. Experimental fire places consisting of a ringof stones and logs fulfilled the needs concerning infrastructure of visitors whonormally use wild sites. However, the location of fire places was termed moreimportant than their infrastructure. Forestry experts' perceptions regarding reasonsfor wild site creation differed largely from the results of the forest visitor survey.According to experts, an insufficient number of barbecue pits, available firewoodand forest visitors seeking adventure and romanticism repeatedly lead to thecreation of wild fire rings." @default.
• W1483661291 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W1483661291 creator A5058926350 @default.
• W1483661291 date "2008-01-01" @default.
• W1483661291 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
• W1483661291 title "Ecological impact of fire place use in urban forests and consequences for visitor management" @default.
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