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• W1483745693 abstract "Recently free-space laser communications attract attentions as one of the promising technologies to provide broadband wireless communications. Especially in the inter-satellite communications and the satellite-ground communications, the successful demonstrations showed the possibilities of the laser communications for the practical use (Tolker-Nielsen, 2002; Jono, 2006; Smutny, 2008; Toyoshima, 2009; Perlot, 2007). Concerning the laser communication equipment used in those demonstrations, the designs are mutually different but some functions are commonly used. The typical example is a function to control the direction of the telescope. Some terminals have a motorized gimbals system to hold a telescope and control the direction of the aperture. The other terminals use a set of mirrors put in front of a fixed telescope aperture, and the direction of the telescope view is changed by using the reflection of the mirrors. These direction steering functions are usually employed for the coarse pointing of a communicating object. In the internal optics of the communication equipment, two sets of moving mirrors are found in most cases. One is a set of fast steering mirrors for the fine pointing mechanisms and the other is a similar set of mirrors to give a point-ahead angle to the emitted laser beam. Since the laser communications require accurate pointing for stable communications, the fine pointing mechanisms are necessary to eliminate the angular errors remained after the coarse tracking by the telescope. Besides, when the laser communications are carried out between moving objects, the fast velocities of satellites and the large distance between communicating terminals require the point-ahead angles (Miller, 1993). So far, in those kinds of functions, the tilt angle of the mirrors is controlled by piezoelectric actuators, voice coils, micro-electromechanical systems, diaphragms with electromagnetic torque, spherical motors, and so on (Aoki, 2004; Suhonen, 2001; Bandera, 1999; Langenbach, 2005). When equipment is mounted in a satellite, we should care that the resources such as the mass, the volume and the consumption power for the equipment are severely restricted. Therefore, devices of light weight, small size and low power consumption are useful for constructing those tracking and pointing mechanisms. On the other hand, in the field of electro-active polymer actuators, many research activities have been reported to develop materials responding to applied stimuli such as temperature, magnetism and electricity (Baughman, 1999; Jordan, 2007; Lu, 2008). Those materials are aimed to be utilized in biomimetic motions, micro-electro-mechanical-systems, sensors, and precise positioners. The features of the polymer actuators are the low voltage operations, light weight," @default.
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• W1483745693 date "2011-08-01" @default.
• W1483745693 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W1483745693 title "Application of Carbon Nanotubes to Mirror Actuators for Space Laser Communications" @default.
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• W1483745693 doi "https://doi.org/10.5772/17823" @default.
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