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• W1484394043 abstract "This chapter is devoted to the study of the lattice vibrations within a crystal structure using laser-based time resolved spectroscopic methods. We have used ultrafast pulsed laser systems to extend the analysis of atomic displacements into the time domain with femtosecond resolution. This field has gained a lot of attention from a large scientific community during the past decades. Actually, the knowledge of all the properties in a crystal depends on two key factors: the way in which atoms arrange themselves to give rise to the crystal structure, and the movement of both electrons and atoms within this structure. Many physical parameters, such as the transport properties, strongly depend on the dynamical behavior of both electrons and atoms. Besides, themutual interaction between them determines the pathway of chemical reactions and phase transitions. As an example, one challenge in solid state physics is the understanding and control of high temperature superconductivity, in which the dynamical aspectmay play a crucial role. If there is a lattice displacement responsible for the Cooper pairs formation, its selective excitation could be exploited to reach a superconductivity phase even at temperature well above the known transition temperature. The general question is how can we modify the phase of a material using photons. This type of studies belong to a broader research area, known as the science of photoinduced phase transition. An important point is that high frequency lattice vibrations are the first response of ions to the external pumping laser pulse. Therefore, the study of such movements could clarify the energy relaxation channels of the excess energy stored into the electrons subsystem from the pumping laser pulse. Another important application of the study of coherent phonon concerns nanostructures. When reducing the size down to the nanometric scale, the ratio between the atomic displacement and the structure size increases considerably. Together with the confinement effect, this produces major modifications of the physical properties. The general movement of the atoms within the crystal structure can be seen as an elastic deformation, which can be described as a sum of several normal modes of vibration of the lattice. The quantum of energy associated to a normal mode of vibration of the lattice is called phonon. In order to study each of these elementary vibrations, there is a need to excite and detect selectively the desired phonon mode. This is possible only if we can excite and detect the phonon mode coherently, i.e. the atomic vibration has a given phase which is kept in a time window, called the dephasing time or damping time. Coherent phonons were observed in many different materials, and their extensive study in novel materials represents a large part of the activity centered on the femtosecond laser 5" @default.
• W1484394043 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W1484394043 creator A5025071175 @default.
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• W1484394043 date "2010-11-30" @default.
• W1484394043 modified "2023-10-03" @default.
• W1484394043 title "Coherent Optical Phonons in Bismuth Crystal" @default.
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• W1484394043 doi "https://doi.org/10.5772/12901" @default.
• W1484394043 hasPublicationYear "2010" @default.
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