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• W1484650161 abstract "Vasopressin neurons homeostatically regulate plasma volume and body fluid electrolyte composition in the face of (a) differential and variable loss of fluid and electrolytes through sweating and urine flow, and (b) perturbation by fluid and electrolyte intake. Correction of excessive electrolyte concentration by water intake threatens regulation of plasma volume; conversely, when plasma volume falls, restricting urine output threatens electrolyte balance. Vasopressin promotes water retention through antidiuresis, which restricts water loss and concentrates the urine, and vasopressin secretion is proportional to excess electrolyte concentration and inversely (non-linearly) proportional to fluid volume excess. The threshold and gain of this system are maintained in conditions that result in substantial depletion of secretory capacity; the system maintains its behaviour throughout our normal life, despite neuronal loss through ageing; and can compensate for abnormal cell loss following injury. The vasopressin system has several properties whose importance is poorly understood. (1) they function as asynchronous bistable oscillators. Vasopressin neurons are restrained by negative feedbacks operating on varying time scales, through dendritic generation of nitric oxide, cannabinoids, and dynorphin and the network is subject to weak population feedback through dendritic vasopressin release. Some features of the system might reflect general constraints on neuronal network architectures: (1) neurons are vulnerable to “burn-out”—overactive neurons are likely to die. (2) inactive neurons are eliminated early in development. Together, these constraints might force the emergence of highly distributed processing that is very robust against noise and damage. Other apparent constraints on the architecture include the cost of storage and synthesis of vasopressin, and the cost of generating electrical activity to stimulate secretion." @default.
• W1484650161 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W1484650161 date "2005-01-01" @default.
• W1484650161 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W1484650161 title "19 Vasopressin and homeostasis — running hard to stay in the same place" @default.
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• W1484650161 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s1571-0831(06)80023-7" @default.
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