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• W1484877151 abstract "AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 18-22, 2009; Denver, COThe role of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in breast cancer is controversial. While some studies indicate that there is an association between COX-2 expression, tumor status, and cancer prognosis, others have failed to detect a relationship between COX-2 and breast cancer. In addition, there is also disagreement regarding the utility of COX inhibitors as anti-cancer agents in breast cancer. Meta-analyses and case control studies have identified a potential reduction in breast cancer risk in women taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which non-selectively inhibit the cyclooxygenase enzymes. Prospective studies, however, have failed to support such a decrease in risk. To date, the data indicate that COX-2 may play a role in early stage disease rather than cancer progression. Surprisingly, the role of COX-2 in normal mammary gland biology is poorly understood. The goal of the present study was to examine the expression pattern of COX-2 in adult rats with different reproductive states, in order to gain insight into the potential role of COX-2 in breast cancer. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis for COX-2 expression in Sprague-Dawley rat mammary glands was performed using tissue from virgin, pregnant, lactating, actively involuting, and fully regressed glands. In addition, rats were stimulated with estrogen plus progesterone or estrogen alone to see if COX-2 is downstream of hormone stimulation in the mammary gland. By IHC, COX-2 was expressed in mammary epithelial cells at all stages of development, but was highest during pregnancy, as well as following treatment with estrogen plus progesterone and estrogen alone, indicating that COX-2 may be downstream of estrogen stimulation. The pattern of COX-2 expression also differed with reproductive state. In the pregnant gland, mammary epithelial cell COX-2 staining was cytoplasmic and diffuse, while in the lactating gland COX-2 appeared to be secreted into the lumen. During weaning-induced involution, the mammary epithelial staining patterned was vesicular, and appeared to co-localize with phagocyte epithelial cells. Strong COX-2 expression was also observed in a sub-set of immune cells. Based on these data, COX-2 functions in both the epithelial and stromal compartments of the normal gland. In mammary epithelium, COX-2 is upregulated during the process of alveolar proliferation experienced during pregnancy and with exogenous estrogen stimulation. Further, COX-2 may play a different role in the gland during lactation and involution. Given the complexity of COX-2 expression in the normal mammary gland, it is likely that the role of COX-2 in breast cancer initiation and progression may be stage and possibly breast cancer sub-type specific.Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 9." @default.
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• W1484877151 date "2009-05-01" @default.
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• W1484877151 title "Abstract #9: Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in adult SD rat mammary gland reveals roles in hormone stimulation and involution" @default.
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