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- W1484903704 abstract "Recognition of potentially pathogenic organisms is a critical first step in an immune response. To prevent pathogen outgrowth, this detection must be rapid and initiate a robust inflammatory response. However, inflammation is dangerous, and spurious activation in response to nonthreatening stimuli has the potential to cause autoimmunity and other inflammatory disorders. For this reason, the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of the innate immune system have evolved to recognise pathogen-associated molecular patterns to distinguish between self and potentially infectious nonself. The first discovered and most well-studied PRRs are the toll-like receptors (TLRs), which are transmembrane receptors that detect a diverse set of microbe-specific products. Extensive work has uncovered the proteins required in TLR signalling, but a more complete understanding of the biochemistry of signalling molecules in their cellular context is required to understand the role of TLRs in pathogen detection and clearance.Key Concepts: Pathogen-associated molecular patterns are molecular patterns unique to potentially pathogenic microbes, conserved among many species, and essential to the fitness of the microbes that use them.Pattern recognition receptors distinguish self from nonself.Toll-like receptor ‘sorting adaptors’ define the subcellular location of signal transduction.Toll-like receptor ‘signalling adaptors’ link the cytosolic TIR domain of the receptor to signalling enzymes.Keywords:toll-like receptor;pathogen-associated molecular pattern;pattern recognition receptor;lipopolysaccharide;innate immunity" @default.
- W1484903704 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W1484903704 date "2014-10-15" @default.
- W1484903704 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
- W1484903704 title "Biochemistry of Toll-Like Receptors" @default.
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- W1484903704 doi "https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470015902.a0024234" @default.
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