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• W1486550650 abstract "The NSW Aborigines Protection Board had administered the gazettal, management, leasing, and revocation of reserve lands, the distribution of rations, and the control and dispersal of the Aboriginal population since the late nineteenth century. Growing criticism led to a Parliamentary Select Committee investigating that Board's operations in 1937. An Aboriginal political organisation, the Aborigines Progressive Association led by Aboriginal activists Bill Ferguson and Pearl Gibbs, was calling for full citizenship rights for Aboriginal people and, at the very least, Aboriginal representation on a reformed board of administration.(1) In 1938 a support group of white sympathisers, known as the Committee for Aboriginal Citizenship, was established at the instigation of these leaders. Meanwhile the powerful anthropologist Professor AP Elkin from Sydney University was pressing for reform of the administration, so as to allow for his own appointment to a reconstructed Aborigines Welfare Board, as an expert in Aboriginal culture. Since 1933, when he was appointed President of the Association for the Protection of Native Races (APNR),(2) Elkin had been promoting 'practical anthropology' as a way of better governing colonised peoples.(3) When the APNR was approached separately by both a disgruntled ex-employee of the Board, Roy Brian, and by Bill Ferguson in 1937, Elkin had taken up their call for an enquiry into the Board's administration; his communications with the NSW Premier were accompanied by the recommendation that the 'psychological and sociological problems involved' in Aboriginal administration 'require special knowledge' and a copy of one of his articles.(4) Various women's organisations were also taking a keen interest in the calls for reform, seeking the appointment of their own representative. Their most popular candidate was the anthropologist Caroline Kelly, who had represented the United Associations of Women, as well as Sydney University and the APNR (of which she was secretary), at the 1937 Enquiry. Kelly was closely associated with Elkin, who promoted her anthropological expertise before both the Premier and the Protection Board.(5) As Goodall and Huggins have pointed out, conflict between the women's movement's support for anthropological involvement in administration, and the Aboriginal movement's hostility to anthropology, limited the political alliance between feminists and Aboriginal activists.(6) 'Listen to the voices of the Aborigines themselves!' the NSW activists exhorted white Australians. 'We do not need anthropologists, clergyman or police! Give us equality of treatment and opportunity with all other Australians.'(7) Yet Elkin, who argued that Aboriginal people were incapable of successfully adapting to modern society without expert pedagogic intervention, reached a larger audience of literate, affluent white women through his evening lectures at Sydney University. The receptivity of the contemporary women's movement to Elkin's campaign was an expression of both the maternalism circulating in popular female culture of the day, and of the desire of the feminist organisations to secure a foothold in the emerging bureacratic state, through the appointment of their own representatives to Boards of administration. Given that they were forced to justify their demands for inclusion within the discourse of scientific rationalism, there was an inherent tension between the themes of maternalist authority and scientific authority. Goodall and Huggins concluded that 'the most productive relationships' between white and Aboriginal women 'tended to be personal rather than organisational.'(8) While there has been much valuable work recently on the role of white women's organisations in reforming Aboriginal administration in the interwar period, little attention has been paid to personal relationships. This article examines the relationship between Pearl Gibbs and a white activist for Aboriginal citizenship, Joan Strack, a relationship which was both personal and organisational. …" @default.
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• W1486550650 date "1998-01-01" @default.
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• W1486550650 title "'Lovable natives' and `tribal sisters': feminism, maternalism, and the campaign for aboriginal citizenship in New South Wales in the late 1930s" @default.
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