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• W148914881 abstract "Although women are acknowledged to have had an important role inaffairs domestic, religious, and even political in ancient Egypt, very littlework has been done to evaluate their actual rights, powers, am influence.The studies which have appeared tend to be either of a general nature,spanning events from the first Dynasty down to the Roman Period, or specialisedcommentaries upon a single document or group of similar documents, dealing with only one aspectof the subject.There are many aspects of the lives of women in ancient Egypt whichwould reward detailed examination, but the evidence is voluminous and widelyscattered, and ranges over a time span of three thousand years. This thesisinvestigates the role played by women in their families and in the community as a whole during the Middle Kingdom, which for the purpose of this work isdefined as Dynasties Eleven, Twelve and Thirteen.The world's great collection of Egyptian stelas haw been relativelywell published, and these form the basis of the evidence utilised in the first two of the five sections.Section I examines the nature of the evidence tobe obtained from stelas, discusses the multiplicity of meanings of Egyptian kin-terms and assembles all the examples of possible consanguineous marriagesat various types.Section II is devoted to a detailed analysis of all individual stelasof interest, and to the reconstruction of the family trees thus revealed.The third section presents a comprehensive collection of the titlesand professions of women of all classes, excluding the royal family, andtheir consequent standing in the community, as revealed by paintings, reliefs,artefacts, and the comments of th Egyptians themselves in the writings of the sages and in other literary texts.The fourth section reveals the legal position of women, and herethe paucity at evidence necessitated the inclusion of material from other periods of pharaonic history. The individual documents haw been examinedby many scholars, who were interested in Egyptian laws and legal practice,but I have attempted to re-analyse the documents to ascertain the extent ofwomen's rights and duties, the degree to which they were dependent on theirmale relatives, and in what fields they could act on their own initiative.This review relies mainly on secondary sources and does not depend, as dothe other sections, upon re-analysis or the original. evidence.The final section deals with the costumes worn by women during theMiddle Kingdom and examines how far they can be shown to reflect their age,status, wealth and nationality, because it has long been my belief that manyof our sources fail to convey a full and accurate picture of the variety ofcolour and styles worn during life.The results show that, though still relatively rare during the MiddleKingdom, most degrees of consanguineous marriage were entered into by non-royalpersonages, and that, while women owed obedience to their husbands,they could still exert and have consdierable authority in certain spheres.Rank and status among Egyptian Women were well-defined by a variety ofdistinction and usages, and this thesis shows the nature and the extent of theirlegal status, what offices they might hold, and what powers they could exercise.While none at the results obtained are entirely novel, the examinationand analysis, in part statistical, of this large body of evidence, have given them greater emphasis and definition. This treatment combined for the first time with the various aspects of the social role of women, gives betterhistorical perspective to the character of the Middle. Kingdom." @default.
• W148914881 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W148914881 creator A5027900904 @default.
• W148914881 date "1976-01-01" @default.
• W148914881 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W148914881 title "The Position of Women in the Family and in Society in Ancient Egypt, with Special Reference to the Middle Kingdom." @default.
• W148914881 hasPublicationYear "1976" @default.
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