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- W1489330992 abstract "The precautionary principle remains one of the most contested strategies in both risk assessment and risk management. Its most common definition, as found in the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, states that: “In order to protect the environment, the precautionary approach shall be widely applied by States according to their capabilities. Where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage, lack of full scientific certainty shall not be used as a reason for postponing cost‐effective measures to prevent environmental degradation” (UN, 1992). The principle is now applied in an increasing number of national jurisdictions, economic sectors and environmental areas, and constitutes a crucial principle for policy‐making in the European Union (EU; de Sadeleer, 2002).However, there remain serious ambiguities and queries about the nature and appropriate role of the precautionary principle in governance (Cross, 1996; Morris, 2000; Majone, 2002; Lofstedt, 2004). For a better understanding of the debate and its implication for policy‐making, it is helpful to distinguish three positions or mental framings of the precautionary principle (Resnik, 2003).Within the frame of risk analysis, risk management relies on the best scientific estimates of probabilities and potential damages in order to judge the ability to tolerate the risk and design protective measures that are cost‐effective, proportional to the threat, and fair to the affected population. In these terms, precaution might best be interpreted as being conservative when making judgements and erring on the side of caution when calculating exposure or determining safety factors. In addition, as Martin Peterson points out in this issue (see page 305), “the precautionary principle can be interpreted as an analogous epistemic …" @default.
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- W1489330992 date "2007-03-09" @default.
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- W1489330992 title "Precaution and analysis: two sides of the same coin?" @default.
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- W1489330992 doi "https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.embor.7400950" @default.
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